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Reducing Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in Plant Production through Risk Assessment Guidelines - GCP/GLO/519/CAN








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    Booklet
    Assessment of antimicrobial resistance risks in six Latin American countries 2019–2021: Integrated regional project in antimicrobial resistance
    Summary report
    2022
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    In 2019, FAO launched the Integrated Regional Project (TCP/RLA/3708 and OSRO/GLO/812/NOR), with the aim of designing and adopting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) containment strategies based on the existing risks in terrestrial and aquatic animal production. One of the project outcomes was a qualitative assessment of the risks of AMR in terrestrial and aquatic animal production systems, using the 'FAO tool for a situation analysis of AMR risks in the food and agriculture sectors', developed by the FAO Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean (FAO RLC). The tool aims to provide a qualitative and systematic assessment of the risks and gaps of animal production systems (terrestrial and aquatic species) related to AMR at the national level, and which can affect both animal and human health. This report represents a summary of the results obtained from the application of the tool in six Latin American countries, from 2019 to 2021. The results show the evaluation of the factors involved in the epidemiological pathways of AMR, the mitigation measures associated with these pathways, and the sustainability aspects of the system that are connected to the generation and dissemination of AMR from the animal production chain.
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    Article
    Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Plant Agriculture: A One Health Perspective 2022
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    Bactericides, fungicides, and other pesticides play an important role in the management of plant diseases. However, their use can result in residues on plants and in the environment, with potentially detrimental consequences. The use of streptomycin, oxytetracycline, copper-based products, and some fungicides is correlated with increased resistance among plant pathogens to these agents. Likewise, the recent rise in the incidence of environmental triazole fungicide-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus, the cause of aspergillosis in humans, has caused concern, particularly in Europe. Through horizontal gene transfer, genes can be exchanged among a variety of bacteria in the plant production environment, including phytopathogens, soil bacteria, and zoonotic bacteria that are occasionally present in that environment and in the food chain. Through mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer, co-resistance, cross-resistance, and gene up-regulation, resistance to one compound may confer resistance and multi-drug resistance to other similar, or even very dissimilar, compounds. Given the global rise in antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) organisms, and their effects on plant, animal, and human health, the prudent use of pesticides is required to maintain their effectiveness for food security and sustainable production, and to minimize the emergence and transmission of AMR organisms from horticultural sources.
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    Brochure, flyer, fact-sheet
    Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in relation to pesticide use in plant production 2020
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    In the context of plant production, some pesticides are used as antimicrobial substances, namely antibiotics (used against bacterial diseases) and fungicides (used against fungal diseases). There is growing concern that some of those select for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among pathogens important to plant, human and animal health. Therefore, the FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticide Management (JMPM) recommended on October 2018 that antimicrobial resistance issues should be integrated into technical guidelines, wherever relevant, and, antibiotics used for human and animal health should not be registered as pesticides. By preventing diseases in all sectors, the need for all types of antimicrobials could be greatly reduced. In terms of plant production specifically, strong emphasis should be made on the prevention of plant diseases as well as strengthening of the Integrated Pest Management. The present factsheet is intended to be supporting material for the implementation of the International Year of Plant Health.

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