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Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetBrochureArab Forum For Rural Advisory Services (AFRAS)
Country brief - Syria
2025Also available in:
No results found.Arab Forum for Rural Advisory Services (AFRAS) is a regional platform that strengthens inclusive, climate-smart advisory and extension systems by linking public, private, and civil-society providers across the Arab region. Arable land made up 25.4 percent of the Syrian Arab Republic’s landmass in 2021 (World Bank, 2021a). More than a third of all farmers cultivate an area of two hectares or less. Among landholders, 29 percent have another job as their main occupation aside from farming (FAO 2017). Seventy-five percent of the Syrian rural households cultivate food for their personal use (FAO, 2017). Approximately 60 percent of households are involved in perennial crop production, such as almonds, apples, apricots, cherries, citrus, figs, grapes, nuts, olives, peaches, pears, pistachios, plums and pomegranates. Other major crops are annual crops which include a range of important food (wheat), fodder (maize and barley) and cash crops (cotton, tobacco, spices and sugar beet) (FAO, 2017). Agriculture is a vital sector to the Syrian Arab Republic’s economy in terms of gross domestic product (GDP) and employment. In 2022, agriculture contributed 27.8 percent to the country’s GDP (World Bank, 2022). The Syrian Arab Republic has five major farming systems, including irrigated farming; rainfed mixed farming; dryland mixed farming; pastoral farming; sparse (arid) farming; and urban and peri-urban agriculture farming (Wattenbach, 2006). The 2011 conflict impacted the agricultural and food sectors and resulted in damage to agricultural infrastructure as well as the livestock sector, making it difficult for farmers to access inputs and markets. This has resulted in increased food insecurity and reduced agricultural productivity (Bayram & Gok, 2020) in addition to the increase in rural-urban outmigration. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetBrochureArab Forum For Rural Advisory Services (AFRAS)
Country brief - Iraq
2025Also available in:
No results found.The Arab Forum for Rural Advisory Services (AFRAS) strengthens inclusive, climate-smart advisory services across the Arab region. In Iraq, agriculture underpins rural livelihoods yet remains a modest economic contributor: about 22 percent of land is agricultural, the sector provides ~8 percent of jobs and 2.8 percent of GDP, and most farms are smallholders (over 80 percent under 10 ha, often fragmented). Production is dominated by cereals—especially wheat and barley, which cover ~80 percent of cultivated land and feed the Public Distribution System—alongside dates, livestock, inland fisheries, and backyard poultry. The National Security Strategy (2023–2025) elevates agriculture for stability and food security, backs strategic crops with subsidized inputs and price supports, and prioritizes action against desertification. Extension is led by the Directorate of Agricultural Extension and Training, financed partly through research allocations, and delivered via 15 extension centres and 62 extension farms, with targeted programmes on knowledge, economic, commercial, and women/youth empowerment. Modernization efforts include crop-specific national programmes (vegetables, potato, date palm, fruit trees), climate-smart water and soil management, IPM, and waste-to-compost initiatives. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetBrochureArab Forum For Rural Advisory Services (AFRAS)
Country brief - Mauritania
2025Also available in:
The Arab Forum for Rural Advisory Services (AFRAS) strengthens inclusive, climate-smart advisory services across the Arab region by linking public, private, and civil-society providers. In Mauritania, agriculture is vital for livelihoods and food security despite scarce arable land (about 0.5 percent of national area) and strong exposure to climate variability. Over 62 percent of people depend on rural activities; the sector contributes roughly a quarter of GDP, with production split between rainfed systems and irrigation concentrated along the Senegal River Valley, plus oases in the north. Major outputs include millets, sorghum, maize, rice, vegetables, and dates. Livestock is significant, adding about 10 percent to GDP and employing about 11 percent of the active population, though productivity remains low. Policy frameworks include LOAP 2012, RSDS and PNDA through 2025, and SCAPP 2016–2030, complemented by a National Digital Agriculture Strategy and a forthcoming mechanization strategy. The Ministry of Agriculture leads extension through regional delegations, the National School for Agricultural Training and Extension, SONADER, and CNRADA. Innovation is advancing via new crop varieties, farmer field schools, the SHEP approach, mechanization training, and digital initiatives such as the Farmer Observatory, the Hassad app, and an innovation centre in Kaédi supporting drones, GIS, and smart farming.
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Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetBrochureJoint Programme on Gender Transformative Approaches for Food Security and Nutrition
2022 in Review
2023Also available in:
No results found.The 'JP GTA - 2022 In Review' offers a snapshot of the milestones, achievements and activities of the Joint Programme over the course of the past year, with links to articles, publications and event recordings. The report is structured along the four pillars of the JP GTA, with sections focusing on knowledge generation, country-level activities, capacity development and learning, and policy support and institutional engagement. The page on 'knowledge generation' offers an overview of resources published or facilitated by the JP GTA in 2022. Under 'country-level activities' readers will find a summary of the key activities and achievements of the Joint Programme in Ecuador and Malawi. The section on 'capacity development and learning' delves into the JP GTA’s initiatives to share lessons from the Programme and build colleagues' and partners' knowledge and skills. The final pages on 'policy support and institutional engagement' highlight major global and corporate initiatives supported by the JP GTA. -
BookletHigh-profileFAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 2022The FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 was endorsed by FAO Council in June 2022. This new strategy replaces the previous strategy from 2017 to better FAO's climate action with the Strategic Framework 2022-2031, and other FAO strategies that have been developed since then. The Strategy was elaborated following an inclusive process of consultation with FAO Members, FAO staff from headquarters and decentralized offices, as well as external partners. It articulates FAO's vision for agrifood systems by 2050, around three main pillars of action: at global and regional level, at country level, and at local level. The Strategy also encourages key guiding principles for action, such as science and innovation, inclusiveness, partnerships, and access to finance.
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookFood loss analysis: causes and solutions – The Republic of Uganda. Beans, maize, and sunflower studies 2019
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No results found.This report illustrates the food loss assessment studies undertaken along the maize, sunflower and beans supply chains in Uganda in 2015-16 and 2016-17. They aimed to identify the critical loss points in the selected supply chains, the key stages at which food losses occur, why they occur, the extent and impact of food losses and the economic, social and environmental implications of the food losses. Furthermore, these studies also evaluated the feasibility of potential interventions to reduce food losses and waste.