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DocumentWorking paperAssessing the Impact of Massive Out-Migration on Agriculture 2006
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No results found.Over the past several years, rural areas in transition countries have experienced a structural transformation of their agricultural sectors combined with profound demographic changes, primarily due to massive out-migration towards urban areas and abroad. Despite the potential relevance of migration – and the resulting remittances – in fostering, or hindering, transformation in agriculture, very little is understood about the linkages between these activities. Using data from two waves of the Al bania Panel Survey carried out between 2002 and 2003, this paper is an attempt to contribute to a better understanding of the role migration has played in the re-allocation of resources in agriculture among migrant families in Albania, a country which epitomizes the power of change associated with out-migration. As per the hypothesis, our findings suggest that migration exerts a strong downward pressure on agricultural labor per capita. However, the evidence also suggests that the loss in house hold labor in agriculture is compensated by increased access to capital, leading to overall improvements in both agricultural and total incomes. -
DocumentWorking paperFamiliar faces, familiar places: The role of family networks and previous experience for Albanian migrants 2005
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No results found.Using data from the 2003 Albania Panel Survey, this paper examines the evolution of Albanian international migration since the fall of Communism in 1990 and explores, using multivariate analysis, what individual, household and community level factors influence decisions to migrate internationally. We find evidence of important changes over time in the pull and push factors that drive migration flows. While early on in the transition political and economic factors were predominant, over t ime personal experience and household migration networks assumed fundamental roles. Furthermore, the spatial configuration of migration is also changing as both temporary and permanent migration expand into new parts of the country. The results have important policy implications. First, policies aimed at controlling migration are likely to be less effective where networks have already developed or where engrained patterns of repeat migration are established. Second, despite increasing legal ity, migration, particularly for newcomers, is still risky and often illegal. Third, educated individuals have a higher propensity to migrate permanently, a serious potential risk in terms of brain drain. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetBrochureInternal and International Migration from Africa: Evidences from living standard and migration surveys 2017
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No results found.This information note summarizes findings on outmigration patterns from Sub-Saharan countries such as Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal and Uganda, obtained from two macro categories of household surveys implemented by the World Bank. In particular, the note answers the questions: Who migrates? How many? To where? Why? It also provides an overview of FAO’s work to address the root causes of distress migration and enhance the developmental impacts of migration governance systems.
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Book (stand-alone)Technical report关于预防、制止和消除非法、不报告、不管制捕鱼的港口国措施协定缔约方第一次会议（2017年5月29-31日，挪威奥斯陆）报告 2017本文件载有《关于预防、制止和消除非法、不报告、不管制捕鱼的港口国措施协定》缔约方第一次会议（2017年5月29-31日，挪威奥斯陆）报告。缔约方同意由粮农组织承担会议秘书处职责。缔约方确认需要港口国、船旗国和其他国家在实施《协定》过程中采取一致行动，以及粮农组织、区域渔业管理组织及其他国际组织和机构发挥重要作用。缔约方注意到吸取区域渔业管理组织和其他国际组织现有相关举措经验教训的价值。缔约方商定应当采用分阶段数据交流方法，并要求设立一个开放性技术工作组就数据交流机制的发展提供指导意见。粮农组织的任务是，开发模板为实施《协定》报告国家联络点情况、指定港口和其他相关信息，并通过粮农组织网站专设区公布信息。缔约方根据《协定》第六部分设立了工作组，并通过了工作组职责范围。缔约方呼吁秘书处编制一个网络版问卷用以监测《协定》实施情况，及记录所面临挑战。最初每两年填写问卷。缔约方还请秘书处根据粮农组织《总规则》和渔业委员会相关规则编制缔约方会议及其下属工作组会议议事规则草案提交缔约方下次会议审议。缔约方商定每两年举行会议，并根据需要举行补充性技术会议。
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