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Human energy requirements

Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation











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    Book (stand-alone)
    Technical book
    Fats and fatty acid in human nutrition
    Report of an expert consultation, 10 − 14 November 2008 Geneva
    2010
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    The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), in their roles as technical agencies of the United Nations (UN), are charged with providing science-based guidance on food and nutrition to national governments and the international community. The process used to do this involves periodic and systematic reviews of scientific evidence, which often culminates with the convening of joint expert consultations to review the state of s cientific knowledge, deliberate on the issues and translate this knowledge into a definition of requirements and corresponding nutrient-based recommendations. The overall goal of these recommendations is to support health and nutritional well-being of individuals and populations. The topics covered during the recent past include energy, protein and amino acids, fats and oils, most of the vitamins and minerals and carbohydrates, with the objective of providing guidance on nutritional requirements and recommended dietary intakes.The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Fats and Fatty Acids in Human Nutrition (hereafter Expert Consultation) was the most recent expert meeting convened, and was held in Geneva from 10 to 14 November 2008. The Expert Consultation was the third to be held on the subject of fats in human nutrition, the first expert consultation on this topic being held in 1977 (FAO, 1978) and the second in 1993 (FAO, 1994).
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    Manual / guide
    Human Energy Requirements. A Manual for Planners and Nutritionists 1990
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    This manual presents a practical approach to calculating population energy needs. It is intended for use by economists, planners, and nutritionists in all parts of the world, who are dealing with problems of food supply at a national or regional level. An extensive collection of recent data on basal metabolic rates and energy expenditure of different population groups allows estimates of national energy needs to be derived. These figures allow for desirable changes in body weight and height, and physical activity in children and adults. During the preparation of the manual, discussions with planners allowed refinements to be made to suit their needs, especially in the development of computer modelling techniques. Assumptions are made that the reader is not fully versed in nutrition, nor in the finer physiological aspects of energy balance. The manual does highlight the numerous assumptions that are usually made when the energy needs of a population are calculated. It includes data for applying the methodology should local data not be available. A spreadsheet program and a User Guide are included to facilitate the calculation of requirements. As with the manual, data is supplied if local data is not available.

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    Guide to context analysis informing FAO decision-making
    Approaches to working in fragile and conflict-affected contexts
    2019
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    In 2018 FAO approved its Corporate Framework to Support Sustainable Peace in the Context of Agenda 2030, committing FAO to a more deliberate and transformative impact on sustaining peace, within the scope of its mandate. The foundational element for FAO supported interventions to - at a minimum - do no harm, or to identify where they may contribute to sustaining peace, is to understand contextual dynamics and how they could interact with a proposed intervention. This is essential to effective conflict-sensitive programming. The Guide to Context Analysis is a key step in operationalising this, being an accessible and practical learning tool for non-conflict specialists in FAO decentralised offices to document and institutionalise their knowledge of the local context, and thus inform conflict-sensitive design of FAO interventions. The wider objective is to minimise the risk of any negative or harmful impacts, as well as maximise any positive contributions towards strengthening and consolidating conditions for sustainable local peace. The Guide to Context Analysis is sufficiently flexible to suit a variety of potential audiences or reporting formats, including a rapid context analysis for a specific project, an area-based intervention, joint programming with other UN agencies, as well as a standalone strategic analysis to inform decentralised office planning. The Guide can be read both a standalone instructional aid on context analysis, as well as an essential precursor to FAO’s Programme Clinic approach to design conflict-sensitive interventions (comprising both a facilitators’ and participants’ guides).
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    Corporate general interest
    Ultra-processed foods, diet quality and human health 2019
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    The significance of industrial processing for the nature of food and the state of human health - and in particular the techniques and ingredients developed by modern food science and technology - is generally underestimated. This is evident in both national and international policies and strategies designed to improve populations' nutrition and health. Until recently it has also been neglected in epidemiological and experimental studies concerning diet, nutrition and health. This report seeks to assess the impact of ultra-processed food on diet quality and health, based on NOVA, a food classification system developed by researchers at the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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    Book (series)
    Flagship
    The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 (SOFIA)
    Meeting the sustainable development goals
    2018
    The 2018 edition of The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture emphasizes the sector’s role in achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals, and measurement of progress towards these goals. It notes the particular contributions of inland and small-scale fisheries, and highlights the importance of rights-based governance for equitable and inclusive development. As in past editions, the publication begins with a global analysis of trends in fisheries and aquaculture production, stocks, processing and use, trade and consumption, based on the latest official statistics, along with a review of the status of the world’s fishing fleets and human engagement and governance in the sector. Topics explored in Parts 2 to 4 include aquatic biodiversity; the ecosystem approach to fisheries and to aquaculture; climate change impacts and responses; the sector’s contribution to food security and human nutrition; and issues related to international trade, consumer protection and sustainable value chains. Global developments in combating illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, selected ocean pollution concerns and FAO’s efforts to improve capture fishery data are also discussed. The issue concludes with the outlook for the sector, including projections to 2030. As always, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture aims to provide objective, reliable and up-to-date information to a wide audience, including policy-makers, managers, scientists, stakeholders and indeed all those interested in the fisheries and aquaculture sector.