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Book (stand-alone)Addressing Zaire Ebola virus (EBV) outbreaks
Rapid Qualitative Exposure and Release Assessment
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Following the ongoing outbreaks of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in several African countries reported since March 2014, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) prepared a rapid qualitative exposure and release assessment in order to evaluate the role of meat from wild animals and related activities linked to Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) in human populations. The likelihood for human exposure to EBOV through close contact with wild species, hunting, handling and consumption of meat from different wild species as well as the likelihood of introduction and onward transmission of EBOV in non-infected countries through the consumption and trade of wild animal meat are assessed in this document. This rapid qualitative assessment is based upon information available up to 18 December 2014 and will be revised as circumstances change. The reader should note that the uncertainty in the assessment of the different levels of likelihood remains high since there is a need for a bet ter understanding of EBOV and related issues to provide a more precise assessment. The background information used to conduct this rapid qualitative risk assessment can be found in the Annex at the end of this document -
Book (series)Addressing H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza 2016
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Following H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in the Republic of Cameroon in May and September 2016, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) prepared a qualitative assessment in order to evaluate the risks of the introduction of the virus into neighbouring countries with Cameroon that have so far not reported occurrence of the disease through poultry movements and trade relations (i.e. the Central African Republic, the Republic of Chad, the Republic of the Congo, the Republic of Equatorial Guinea and the Gabonese Republic). The Federal Republic of Nigeria has been affected by H5N1 HPAI outbreaks in poultry since December 2014 and circulation of the virus is considered to be endemic. Though bordering Cameroon, Nigeria was, therefore, not included in the assessment given that the virus is already present there. The qualitative assessment is based on information available as of 15 September 2016 and will be revised as circumstances change. The reader should also note that the uncertainty in the assessment of the different levels of likelihood remains high, since there is need for a better understanding of the poultry sector at local, national and regional levels as well as poultry movement patterns and related issues to provide a more precise assessment. -
Book (series)Rift Valley fever action framework 2022
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No results found.Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an arboviral disease affecting humans and livestock transmitted by mosquitoes. It is endemic to large areas of Africa, resulting in widespread abortion and neonatal mortality in livestock, and severe complications in a small but significant percentage of human cases. The range of RVF is largely determined by the distribution of suitable vector habitat and rainfall, which changes over time and as a result of climate change. In addition to which, the movement of animals and animal products for trade may lead to the spread of RVF to previously non-infected areas. This RVF Action Framework is intended to provide decision makers with guidance on the best course of action to take in response to an RVF outbreak or the risk of an outbreak, and help them develop a national action plan for this response. A coordinated One Health approach that brings together the public, animal and environmental health sectors is recommended, as is a risk-based approach that uses risk assessment and mapping to determine the appropriate measures to be taken and the locations where they are required. A country’s RVF response can be best broken down into the four phases of the epidemiological cycle: the inter-epidemic, pre-epidemic, epidemic and post-epidemic periods. Surveillance, risk assessment and capacity building, for instance, are key during the inter-epidemic period, while the focus during the post-epidemic period shifts to mitigating the disease’s impact.
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