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Book (stand-alone)Addressing Zaire Ebola virus (EBV) outbreaks
Rapid Qualitative Exposure and Release Assessment
2015Also available in:
Following the ongoing outbreaks of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in several African countries reported since March 2014, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) prepared a rapid qualitative exposure and release assessment in order to evaluate the role of meat from wild animals and related activities linked to Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) in human populations. The likelihood for human exposure to EBOV through close contact with wild species, hunting, handling and consumption of meat from different wild species as well as the likelihood of introduction and onward transmission of EBOV in non-infected countries through the consumption and trade of wild animal meat are assessed in this document. This rapid qualitative assessment is based upon information available up to 18 December 2014 and will be revised as circumstances change. The reader should note that the uncertainty in the assessment of the different levels of likelihood remains high since there is a need for a bet ter understanding of EBOV and related issues to provide a more precise assessment. The background information used to conduct this rapid qualitative risk assessment can be found in the Annex at the end of this document -
Book (series)Human Exposure to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus from Livestock or Wildlife Species 2017
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No results found.Recurrent outbreaks of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in humans have been reported, mainly from the Arabian Peninsula, since 2012, with a notable outbreak in Republic of Korea from May through July 2015. To evaluate the role of domestic and wild animals, in particular dromedary camels and bats, and assess the likelihood of human exposure to MERS-CoV (i) through direct contact with these animals, (ii) while handling and consuming their products (milk, meat, urine) and (iii) from the environment at the animal-human interface (e.g. farms, households, slaughterhouses, markets, etc.), FAO prepared this qualitative release assessment. This assessment is based on information available as of 19 May 2017 and will be revised as circumstances change. It focuses on livestock-related aspects and is therefore restricted to an exposure assessment at the animal-human interface (i.e. a description of biological pathways necessary for exposure of humans to MERS-CoV released from animals and the estimation of its probability). For further aspects of the human infection and detailed consequence assessments, please refer to risk assessments by the World Health Organization (WHO). -
Book (series)Exposure of humans or animals to SARS-CoV-2 from wild, livestock, companion and aquatic animals
Qualitative exposure assessment
2020Also available in:
No results found.Understanding the risk of exposure of humans or animals to SARS-CoV-2 from animals and their products is essential for containing virus spread, prioritizing research, protecting food systems, and informing national One Health investigations and mitigation measures. This Qualitative Exposure Assessment provides a comprehensive review of available scientific evidence and assessment of exposure risk from different wild or domestic animal species. Results can inform country-level risk assessment and provide the evidence base for targeted SARS-CoV-2 investigations in animals and mitigation options. This publication provides: I. assessment of the risk of human or animal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 through contact with, handling or consumption of wild, domestic and aquatic animal species or their products; II. identification of current knowledge gaps regarding the zoonotic origin or animal-human spillover of SARS-CoV-2 and recommendations on priority studies; III. summary of available evidence for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility of different animal species; IV. evidence-based recommendations on how to prioritize animal species for targeted field investigations or research studies; V. recommendations for targeted One Health investigations and epidemiological, laboratory, anthropological or seasonality studies to fill critical knowledge gaps evidenced by this exposure assessment.
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