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Book (stand-alone)Technical studyGender inequalities in Rural Employment in Malawi - an overview
Malawi Country Profile - overview
2011Also available in:
No results found.This country profile aims to contribute to a better understanding of gender inequalities in rural settings in Malawi, and to serve as a policy support tool to better integrate gender equity and decent rural employment in agriculture and rural development policies and programmes. Malawi is a predominantly rural country with an agriculture-based economy. Rural areas in the country are characterized by poverty and a lack of decent work opportunities, the majority of which are in the agricultur e sector. Women are often more disadvantaged when it comes to decent work opportunities and face greater difficulty translating their labour into paid work and their paid work into higher and more secure incomes, which would ultimately lead to enhanced food security. Efforts are therefore needed to promote gender equity in policies and programmes, in order to support decent employment in rural areas. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical studyGender inequalities in Rural Employment in Ghana - policy and legislation
Ghana Country Profile
2012Also available in:
No results found.Poverty in Ghana continues to be extensive, particularly for farming households. Low agricultural productivity and the lack of decent work opportunities, along with a poorly educated workforce pose great challenges for poverty eradication. The lack of comprehensive policy formulation and legal mechanisms hamper efforts to promote social and gender equality in rural labor markets. Policies that take into account the multiple dimensions in which social and gender inequalities interact, partic ularly in rural areas, will support decent employment initiatives and income generating activities. The Ghana profile on policy and legislation developed by the Gender, Equity and Rural Employment Division (ESW) of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations aims to improve the understanding of the available policy and legislation mechanisms that are relevant for addressing gender and social inequalities in rural labor markets. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookTanzania Mainland country profile: gender inequalities in rural employment in Tanzania Mainland, an overview 2014
Also available in:
No results found.This country profile, prepared by the Social Protection Division (ESP) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), aims to contribute to a better understanding of the types and the degree of existing employment-related gender inequalities in rural settings of Tanzania Mainland and highlight key areas of attention for policy makers conducive to poverty reduction and food security. It constitutes an important added value to existing sources, most notably because it provid es rural-specific information and cross-examines different dimensions of inequality. The country profile assesses the nature and degree of existing gender disparities in employment and income in rural areas, linking them to factors such as education, age and wealth when possible. Tanzania Mainland remains a primarily rural country with an agriculture-based economy and significant rural-urban and regional socio-economic disparities. It is widely recognized that improving the performance of the ag riculture sector is critical for poverty reduction and food security. At the same time, a body of evidence has demonstrated that the underperformance of the agriculture sector is partially due to the existing gender inequalities in access, use and control of assets, resources, and services, including rural employment. Women, particularly in rural areas, are often disadvantaged in terms of decent work and income generating opportunities owing to limited access and control over resources, includin g education and training, land and decision-making powers. Rural women face greater difficulties in translating their labour into gainful and productive work that could ultimately lead to a reduction of poverty and enhancement of food security. Agriculture is the largest sector of employment in Tanzania Mainland, with the vast majority of rural women and men employed in agriculture, mostly as self-employed on their own farms. The present country profile identified persisting gender inequalities in Tanzania Mainland, particularly in terms of access to productive resources, income generating and employment opportunities, time-use patterns and educational possibilities.
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Book (series)Technical studyThe impact of climate variability and extremes on agriculture and food security - An analysis of the evidence and case studies
Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018
2020Also available in:
No results found.Global climate studies show that not only temperatures are increasing and precipitation levels are becoming more varied, all projections indicate these trends will continue. It is therefore imperative that we understand changes in climate over agricultural areas and their impacts on agriculture production and food security. This study presents new analysis on the impact of changing climate on agriculture and food security, by examining the evidence on recent climate variability and extremes over agricultural areas and the impact of these on agriculture and food security. It shows that more countries are exposed to increasing climate variability and extremes and the frequency (the number of years exposed in a five-year period) and intensity (the number of types of climate extremes in a five-year period) of exposure over agricultural areas have increased. The findings of this study are compelling and bring urgency to the fact that climate variability and extremes are proliferating and intensifying and are contributing to a rise in global hunger. The world’s 2.5 billion small-scale farmers, herders, fishers, and forest-dependent people, who derive their food and income from renewable natural resources, are most at risk and affected. Actions to strengthen the resilience of livelihoods and food systems to climate variability and extremes urgently need to be scaled up and accelerated. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food and Agriculture 2019
Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction
2019The need to reduce food loss and waste is firmly embedded in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Food loss and waste reduction is considered important for improving food security and nutrition, promoting environmental sustainability and lowering production costs. However, efforts to reduce food loss and waste will only be effective if informed by a solid understanding of the problem. This report provides new estimates of the percentage of the world’s food lost from production up to the retail level. The report also finds a vast diversity in existing estimates of losses, even for the same commodities and for the same stages in the supply chain. Clearly identifying and understanding critical loss points in specific supply chains – where considerable potential exists for reducing food losses – is crucial to deciding on appropriate measures. The report provides some guiding principles for interventions based on the objectives being pursued through food loss and waste reductions, be they in improved economic efficiency, food security and nutrition, or environmental sustainability. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookDigital agriculture in action
ArtificiaI intelligence for agriculture
2021Also available in:
No results found.This publication on artificial intelligence (AI) for agriculture is the fifth in the E-agriculture in Action series, launched in 2016 and jointly produced by FAO and ITU. It aims to raise awareness about existing AI applications in agriculture and to inspire stakeholders to develop and replicate the new ones. Improvement of capacity and tools for capturing and processing data and substantial advances in the field of machine learning open new horizons for data-driven solutions that can support decision-making, facilitate supervision and monitoring, improve the timeliness and effectiveness of safety measures (e.g. use of pesticides), and support automation of many resource-consuming tasks in agriculture. This publication presents the reader with a collection of informative applications highlighting various ways AI is used in agriculture and offering valuable insights on the implementation process, success factors, and lessons learnt.