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Book (stand-alone)Technical studyGender inequalities in Rural Employment in Ghana - an overview
Ghana country profile
2012Also available in:
No results found.Despite Ghana's great progress in poverty reduction, an important share of rural men and women in the country still lack decent work opportunities. The Northern part of the country and rural areas in general are of major concern. Rural women in particular face greater difficulties in transforming their labour into more productive employment activities and their paid work into higher and more secure incomes. Similarly, the young rural population faces barriers in joining the labour market and mig ration is often a livelihood strategy. Efforts to promote gender equity in labour markets and income generating activities, as well as to support decent employment initiatives in rural areas, are hampered by the lack of comprehensive information on the multiple dimensions of social and gender inequalities, particularly in rural areas. This country profile developed by the Gender, Equity and Rural Employment Division (ESW) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) addresses the lack of statistics and contributes to a better understanding of the types and the degree of existing gender inequalities in rural settings. The profile serves as a policy support tool for integrating and monitoring gender equity and decent rural employment in agriculture, food security, and rural development policies and programs. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical studyGender Inequalities in Rural Employment in Malawi - Policy Context
Malawi Country Profile - Policy context
2011Also available in:
No results found.The Constitution of Malawi was adopted in 1994 and consists of 23 Chapters and 215 sections. It seeks to enshrine the principle of equality not only in general terms but it is also quite specific in mandating gender equality (section 13), promoting women’s rights (section 24), and prohibiting any kind of discrimination based on gender (section 20), even though it does not legally define discrimination.1 The Constitution also prohibits the National Assembly or any subordinate legislative authorit y from creating any law or taking any action that would abolish or infringe on people’s rights and freedoms as enshrined in the Constitution. In recent years, the Law Commission has reconstituted the special Commission on Gender Related Law Reforms. The programme for 2009 indicated that the new Commission would finalize the development of the Gender Equality Statute. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookTanzania Mainland country profile: gender inequalities in rural employment in Tanzania Mainland, an overview 2014
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No results found.This country profile, prepared by the Social Protection Division (ESP) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), aims to contribute to a better understanding of the types and the degree of existing employment-related gender inequalities in rural settings of Tanzania Mainland and highlight key areas of attention for policy makers conducive to poverty reduction and food security. It constitutes an important added value to existing sources, most notably because it provid es rural-specific information and cross-examines different dimensions of inequality. The country profile assesses the nature and degree of existing gender disparities in employment and income in rural areas, linking them to factors such as education, age and wealth when possible. Tanzania Mainland remains a primarily rural country with an agriculture-based economy and significant rural-urban and regional socio-economic disparities. It is widely recognized that improving the performance of the ag riculture sector is critical for poverty reduction and food security. At the same time, a body of evidence has demonstrated that the underperformance of the agriculture sector is partially due to the existing gender inequalities in access, use and control of assets, resources, and services, including rural employment. Women, particularly in rural areas, are often disadvantaged in terms of decent work and income generating opportunities owing to limited access and control over resources, includin g education and training, land and decision-making powers. Rural women face greater difficulties in translating their labour into gainful and productive work that could ultimately lead to a reduction of poverty and enhancement of food security. Agriculture is the largest sector of employment in Tanzania Mainland, with the vast majority of rural women and men employed in agriculture, mostly as self-employed on their own farms. The present country profile identified persisting gender inequalities in Tanzania Mainland, particularly in terms of access to productive resources, income generating and employment opportunities, time-use patterns and educational possibilities.
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BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
Book (series)GuidelineDéveloppement de l’aquaculture. 4. Une approche écosystémique de l’aquaculture. 2011Les dimensions sociales et biophysiques des écosystèmes sont inextricablement liées de telle manière qu’un changement dans une seule dimension est très susceptible de générer un changement dans une autre. Bien que le changement est une conséquence naturelle des interactions complexes, il doit être surveillé et même géré si le taux et la direction du changement risquent de compromettre la résilience du système. “Une approche écosystémique de l’aquaculture (AEA) est une stratégie pou r l’intégration de l’activité dans l’écosystème élargi de telle sorte qu’elle favorise le développement durable, l’équité et la résilience de l’interconnexion des systèmes socio-écologiques.” Etant une stratégie, l’approche écosystémique de l’aquaculture (AEA) n’est pas ce qu’on a fait, mais plutôt comment on l’a fait. La participation des parties intéressées est à la base de la stratégie. L’AEA exige un cadre politique approprié dans lequel la stratégie se développe en plusieurs é tapes: (i) la portée et la définition des limites des écosystèmes et l’identification de la partie intéressée; (ii) l’identification des problèmes principaux; (iii) la hiérarchisation des problèmes; (iv) la définition des objectifs opérationnels; (v) l’élaboration d’un plan de mise en oeuvre; (vi) le processus de mise en oeuvre correspondant qui comprend le renforcement, le suivi et l’évaluation, et (vii) un critique des politiques à long terme. Toutes ces étapes sont informées par les meilleures connaissances disponibles. La mise en oeuvre de l’AEA exigera le renforcement des institutions et des systèmes de gestion associés de sorte qu’une approche intégrée du développement de l’aquaculture peut être mise en oeuvre et compte entièrement des besoins et des impacts d’autres secteurs. La clé sera de développer des institutions capables d’intégration, notamment en fonction des objectifs et des normes convenus. L’adoption généralisée d’une AEA exigera un couplag e plus étroit de la science, la politique et la gestion. Elle exige aussi que les gouvernements incluent l’AEA dans leurs politiques de développement de l’aquaculture, stratégies et plans de développement.
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.