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Qualitative Research on the Impacts of Social Protection Programmes on Decent Rural Employment: A Research Guide

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    Brochure, flyer, fact-sheet
    Brochure
    Social protection and decent rural employment 2015
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    This 2 pager highlights the positive impact of social protection on employment outcomes. It also describes FAO’s work to promote access to social protection in rural areas while seeking to strengthen synergies with the creation of decent rural employment.
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    Other document
    Qualitative research and analyses of the economic impacts of cash transfer programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Synthesis Report
    2015
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    This report synthesizes the analysis and findings of a set of six country case studies that explore the impact of cash transfer programmes on household economic decision-making and the local economy in sub-Saharan Africa. The six countries are Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi and Zimbabwe. The research is being carried out under the auspices of the “From Protection to Production” (PtoP) project, a four-year collaboration between the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United King dom Department for International Development (DFID) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The PtoP is part of a larger effort, the Transfer Project – jointly implemented by UNICEF, Save the Children and the University of North Carolina – that supports the implementation of cash transfer evaluations in sub-Saharan Africa. The research is intended as a complement to other studies of cash transfer programmes that focus more on social indicators such as health and e ducation outcomes. It therefore covers themes such as the extent to which cash transfers can help households to manage risk, overcome credit constraints, make productive investments and improve their access to markets, as well as their effect in stimulating local economies. It also refers to analysis from other studies, in particular those conducted under the PtoP project, in order to strengthen the integration of data. The six country case studies were carried out by Oxford Policy Management ( OPM), a development consultancy in the United Kingdom, in partnership with local research organizations and researchers. Each study had an individual lead researcher from OPM; the overall project managers for the six-country study were Simon Brook and Valentina Barca of OPM. The technical Team Leader was Jeremy Holland, an OPM Associate. Pamela Pozarny of FAO provided technical oversight and contributed to the field research in all six countries, and to this final synthesis report.
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    Technical study
    Qualitative research on decent rural employment and social protection - Malawi case study 2016
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    The study examines the case of the Malawi Social Cash Transfer Programme (SCTP) and focus on social protection and decent rural employment in relation to three inter-related areas: rural employment dynamics; household labour allocation; and, operational issues in social protection schemes and their impacts on decent rural employment.

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    Flagship
    The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
    Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
    2021
    In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.
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    The future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
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    What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021.
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    Booklet
    Corporate general interest
    Emissions due to agriculture
    Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
    2021
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    The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018.