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Policy briefPolicy briefPolicy brief: Trade facilitation in the agrifood sector
Making the African Continental Free Trade Area work for women
2023Also available in:
The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement is a powerful roadmap which promises to boost the livelihoods of African people. The agreement spans over 54 countries and supports a market of over 1.4 billion people with a combined gross domestic product of USD 2.5 trillion and growing. While the new free trade area presents a ground-breaking opportunity to boost Africa’s share of global trade and achieve the goals of Agenda 2063, such objectives can only be accomplished if the implementation of the agreement is fair and inclusive. To ensure that the implementation of the AfCFTA is fair and inclusive, gender-based constraints must be removed and women must have an active voice in decision-making processes. Implementing entities and governments must conduct gender analyses and prioritize women's needs and challenges, facilitating their transition to and engagement in increasingly formal markets and value chains. FAO and the International Trade Centre have joined efforts to to support women in overcoming gender-based obstacles in the context of the agreement. The Empowering women and boosting livelihoods through agricultural trade: Leveraging the AfCFTA (EWAT) programme was developed in 2021 with the objective of promoting women’s participation in the AfCFTA, and increasing their access to capacity building and higher-productivity activities, capitalizing on the new opportunities in regional trade created by the AfCFTA agreement. Within the context of the programme, policy briefs were drafted based on in-depth studies on trade facilitation and non-tariff measures, sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to trade. This policy brief examines the role of the AfCFTA in addressing gender-related challenges in trade facilitation faced by women agripreneurs and traders across sub-Saharan Africa. -
Policy briefPolicy briefFacilitating gender responsive access to finance in the agrifood sector in sub-Saharan Africa
Making the African Continental Free Trade Area work for women: Policy brief
2024Also available in:
No results found.This policy brief focuses on promoting gender-responsive access to finance for women in the agrifood sector in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly within the framework of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). It highlights the critical contributions of women to agrifood systems, while also discussing the substantial challanges and barriers they face to accessing finance due to persistent gender-based constraints and structural inequalities. These include discriminatory social norms, limited opportunities for business development, and restricted ownership of property and assets. These obstacles are compounded by a lack of gender-responsive financial products and services. Formal banking institutions and products often de facto exclude women since they are unable to provide collateral, forcing many to rely on personal capital and informal savings schemes, which severely limits their business growth and potential.The brief proposes several solutions to address these barriers, emphasizing the importance of enhancing financial literacy among women and promoting formal microfinance and rural banking. It suggests implementing guarantee and insurance schemes tailored to the needs of women-led businesses and developing financial products and services that are responsive to gender-specific challenges. Additionally, the brief underscores the necessity of gender-responsive policy reforms and the engagement of multiple stakeholders to ensure inclusive financial inclusion.Furthermore, the policy brief advocates for increased representation of women in decision-making roles and the enforcement of anti-discrimination laws within the financial industry. It also calls for measures to ensure women's land and property ownership rights, recognizing that secure land tenure is crucial for their economic empowerment. By implementing these recommendations, the brief argues that bridging the financial gap for women in agribusiness can significantly enhance productivity, economic growth, and food security across Africa. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetEvaluation reportEmpowerment of Agricultural Women Cooperatives and Producer Associations in the Agrifood Sector of Lebanon
Evaluation highlights
2025Also available in:
No results found.The project aimed to create a better social and cultural environment for women’s economic empowerment. It intended to increase the participation of women in local economies by establishing or expanding agrifood enterprises that generate income. This focused on integrating women’s cooperatives, associations, and informal groups, and Syrian refugee women and girls into the local value chains in the agrifood sector. This integration involved plant and animal production, forestry, fisheries, aquaculture, food processing and marketing, and sustainable income generating activities.
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Book (stand-alone)GuidelineOptions for encouraging, guiding and promoting the realization of Farmers’ Rights as set out in Article 9 of the International Treaty 2023Farmers feed the world, by producing the food on which we all depend. Since farmers are the developers and custodians of crop diversity in the field, their rights in this regard are critical to maintain their pivotal role in providing food security and nutrition – never more so than in the current era of climate change and other major challenges facing humanity. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources (International Treaty) is the first legally binding international agreement to formally recognize the contribution of local and Indigenous communities and farmers to the conservation and development of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Article 9 of the International Treaty provides for the recognition, realization and promotion of Farmers’ Rights as they relate to plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Farmers’ Rights can be realized through a series of measures and practices that can be put in place to protect, promote and realize these rights. The promotion and realization of these rights enable farmers and farming communities to continue performing their role as developers and custodians of crop diversity, and to feed the world for the generations to come.This publication presents the “Options for encouraging, guiding, and promoting the realization of Farmers' Rights, as set out in Article 9 of the International Treaty". It contains 27 options developed by an expert group, drawing on the experiences of Contracting Parties and stakeholders. Contracting Parties and interested stakeholders are invited to consider the full range of options for implementing Farmers' Rights at the national level, in accordance with their needs and priorities and as appropriate.
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BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -