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What are vulnerable marine ecosystems?











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    Scoping study on economic linkages and options for ecosystem valuation of deep-sea living marine resources and habitats in ABNJ 2017
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    The brief provides a summary of the current state of knowledge and further information needs for valuing deep-sea sponge ground ecosystem services. The scoping study was carried out to ascertain what information and data are available on the economic value of ABNJ ecosystem services, and to assess whether (and how) a quantitative/monetary valuation might be possible. Its objective was to document and critically review current knowledge on deep-sea ecosystem-economic linkages, so as to identify n eeds, niches and options for undertaking a study to assess the economic value of ABNJ deep-sea ecosystem services. While the study considered sponges and sponge grounds alongside other deep-sea species and habitats, it did not focus solely on them.
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    Sponges and their role in the marine environment 2017
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    Sponges are multicellular organisms that have porous bodies with channels, allowing water to circulate through them. Sponge dominated ecosystems are very diverse in terms of community composition and structure, the geomorphological features they inhabit and their geographical and bathymetric distributions. Sponge ecosystems are found along continental shelves, slopes, seamounts, mid-ocean ridges, canyons and deep fjords at depths from 30 to 3,000 meters. This leaflet provides an overview of the different roles Sponges may have in the marine environment and the ecosystem services they may provide.
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    Identification of sponge species 2017
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    Species identification is important for ecological, evolutionary, systematic, and biodiversity studies, many of which contribute to the development of conservation and management plans. This leaflet provides a brief overview of how sponges can be best identified, with links to existing species identification tools.

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