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ArticleJournal articleThe effects of socio-economic characteristics on willingness to pay for conservation of community forest, Myanmar
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.In poor and developing countries, rural people rely on the forest resources for their livelihood. Thus, their participation in forest management activities and their demographic characteristics are vital for achieving sustainable development objectives, particularly within the context of co-management of forest resources. This study was carried out to investigate the influence of socio-demographic characteristics on willingness to pay (WTP) for conservation of forest and to assess the benefits contributes by community forestry to members of forest user group. It was a case study of Maing-thauk community forest (MTCF), which was selected based on the following criteria: official certification, > 10 years’ forest management experience, with one forest consisting of different users and watershed conservation practices. Using the semi-structured questionnaire, responses on socio-demographic, willingness and expectation of forest management for long term questions were obtained from randomly selected households (i.e., 35% of the total households who are involved in the management of MTCF). The distance from forest and purposes of extraction of forest products and services significantly influence on WTP for conservation of forest. The significant influence of Ethnicity, gender and education level of forest users varied depending on the onetime payment and long-term payment. The results of this study provide important information to promote sustainable forest management with people participation reducing poverty and conflicts between forest users and authorized organizations in management of forest area and resources. Keywords: community forestry, willingness to pay, socio-demographic characteristics, people participation, Myanmar ID: 3623495 -
ArticleJournal articleIncreasing legality compliance amongst forest sector MSMEs: creating an enabling environment for responsible forest product trade and socio-economic recovery
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) play a critical role in meeting the growing demand for forest products worldwide, with potential to contribute to responsible supply chains that combat illegal logging while promoting economic growth. However, MSMEs have been challenged by the emergence of regulated markets requiring verified legal timber, which involve more stringent regulatory compliance and additional up-front costs. Recognizing the need to ensure MSMEs can benefit from – and are not penalized by – the responsible forest trade, the FAO-EU FLEGT Programme supported 100+ projects in 20 countries between 2016 and 2021 that sought to improve MSME capacity to supply legal timber. These projects employed several strategies: • Increasing MSME legal compliance through capacity building, mentoring and technical assistance; • Formalizing MSMEs to achieve legal status and access to benefits such as credit, training programs, and labour protections. • Strengthening associations that represent MSMEs and provide technical and financial assistance; • Reducing the regulatory burden through the simplification of existing legal frameworks; and • Integrating MSMEs into responsible value chains by linking with buyers or manufacturers. The Programme analyzed the impacts of these projects to determine best practices for supporting MSMEs atscale. It was found that the formation of associations was the most impactful intervention for helping MSMEs to formalize and produce legal timber. Capacity-building efforts also must integrate business skill development with training on legality compliance. The paper discusses options for further deployment of these strategies at scale, emphasizing the importance of building an “ecosystem of support” by forming a variety of mutually supporting partnerships. This will be central to assisting MSMEs negatively impacted by COVID-19 imposed lockdowns and economic slowdown. Keywords: Illegal logging, timber trade, small and medium-sized enterprises, forest governance, responsible markets ID:3486686 -
DocumentOther documentProduction and fuel properties of wood chips from logging residues by timber harvesting methods
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.This study calculated the productivity and cost of extraction and processing of logging residues by cut-to-length (CTL) and whole-tree (WT) harvesting methods. In addition, the comparative analysis of the characteristics of wood chip fuel to examine whether it was suitable for the fuel conditions of the energy facility. In the harvesting and processing system to produce the wood chips of logging residues the system productivity and cost of the CTL harvesting system were 1.6 Gwt/SMH and 89,865 won/Gwt, respectively. The productivity and cost of the WT harvesting system were 2.9 Gwt/SMH and 72,974 won/Gwt, respectively. The WT harvesting productivity increased 1.3times while harvesting cost decreased by 18.7% compared to the CTL harvesting system. The logging residues of wood chips were not suitable for CTL wood chips based on International Organization for Standardization (ISO 17225-4:2021) and South Korea standard (NIFoS, 2020), but the quality (A2, Second class) was improved through screening operation. The WT-unscreened wood chips conformed to NIFoS standard (second class) and did not conform to ISO but were improved through screening operation (Second class). In addition to the energy facility in plant A, all wood chips except CTL-unscreened wood chips were available through drying processing. The WT-unscreened wood chips were the lowest at 99,408 won/Gwt. Plants B, C, and D had higher moisture content than plant A, so WT-unscreened wood chips without drying processing were the lowest at 57,204 won/Gwt. Therefore, the production of logging residues should improve with operation methods that improve the quality of wood chips required for applying the variable biomass and energy facility. Keywords: Research, Sustainable forest management ID: 3622432
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