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ArticleSpatiotemporal modeling of human activities from ranger-collected data in W biosphere reserve of Benin to design effective conservation interventions
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Protected areas (PAs) are currently the cornerstones for conservation, but they are constantly under significant threats from anthropogenic activities leading to habitat degradation and biodiversity loss. What about the W Biosphere Reserve of Benin, an exceptional natural heritage in West Africa? Understanding the spatiotemporal trends of illegal activities would enable more effective patrol and potentially reduce biodiversity decline within PAs. We developed a spatially and temporally explicit map of global distribution in human pressure commonly called illegal activities (poaching, illegal grazing, agricultural encroachment, and illegal logging) over 4 years using ranger collected data in W Biosphere Reserve of Benin. Grazing is the most common illegal activity observed in the reserve (1137 incidents), followed by poaching (469), agricultural encroachment (285), and logging (69). The distribution of these activities in the reserve is highly dependent on zones and varies between seasons (p<0.001). Activities occurred more during the non-hunting season than hunting season because of flooding, impassability of tracks, and the closing of plant cover which limit patrol activities. Spatiotemporal modeling approaches can aid the analyses of ranger-collected data in protected areas and provide guidance to improve patrol allocation. From our findings, managers of the reserve can identify high human pressure zones where ranger patrol efforts should be enhanced. Regular patrols throughout the protected area are, however, required because of distribution changes in illegal activities. We propose the use of emerging technologies such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to better monitor high-pressure zones, especially during the non-hunting season when the reserve is practically inaccessible to rangers. Keywords: Deforestation and forest degradation, Agriculture, Monitoring and data collection, Sustainable Forest management, Biodiversity conservation ID: 3478553 -
ArticleConditions for successful local collective action in mangrove forest management: Some evidence from the Eastern coastal area of south Sulawesi, Indonesia
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Resource management characterized by Common Pool Resources (CPRs) requires collective action for its sustainable management. CPRs with “rivalry” and “non-excludable” features face overexploitation problems because unlike the nature of pure public goods, the use of CPRs by one user will reduce the chances of other users taking advantage of it. This study aims to analyze the most appropriate local institutions and tenure arrangements for sustainable mangrove management in Eastern coast area of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data and information were collected through in-depth interviews involving key informants selected by using snow- ball method and continued by Focus Group Discussion. Design principles for sustainable management of common pool resources from Ostrom has been used in this study as an analytical framework which illustrate the structure of rules established and imposed by the local CPR’s institutions. The findings show that collective action in sustainable mangrove management can be achieved through accepted rules and agreements that are participatory formulated. The agreed norms and rules have enacted as a benchmark for collective action in maintaining mangrove and to enforce sanctions for violators. The success of the community in sustainable mangrove resources management is mainly supported by the existence of several prerequisites that facilitate collective action. It is necessary to strengthen regulations both at the local and higher level through socialization to the community along with the development of incentive and disincentives system. Keywords: Community, local institution, mangrove function, participatory rule setting ID: 3486273 -
ArticleClimatic and anthropogenic challenges in Sundarban biosphere reserve and plausible roads to sustainability
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (SBR), a UNESCO World Heritage site, is the Indian part of the largest pristine mangrove forest in the lower Gangetic Delta. The core area of SBR is the abode of the majestic Royal Bengal Tiger and the transitional area is heavily populated by 4.37 million people (2011 census), 34 % of whom are below the poverty level with an average monthly income of 62 US$. Our recent surveys reveal that a substantial number of poor and marginal people depend on forest goods - honey, crab, fuelwood, shrimp seed, and river fishing for their sustenance and livelihood. However, driven by the global seafood market and local poverty, there has been a significant increase in the aquaculture land from 3.59% in 1999 to 5.52% of total SBR in 2019, engulfing more than 1000 ha of mangrove forest, 2300 ha of mudflat, and 24000 ha of agricultural land, weakening the coastline at many places. SBR is the seat of frequent tropical cyclones and flood surges. Within the last 15 years, 4 super cyclones with floods have ravaged the landscape affecting the vitality and health of both humans and mangroves. Prawn seed and crab collection using thin nylon dragnets are disastrous for mangrove regeneration and restoration damaging seedlings and several aquatics irrevocably with negative impacts on UN SDG 13, 14, and 15. Adding to it, aquaculture ponds of the SBR can emit almost 5,21,02,87,00,000 micromole CO2 per year (22ton CO2 per hour ≈ 1,92,720 ton CO2 per year). The flourishing of aquaculture ponds at the expense of mangroves, hence, not only results in a one-time loss of sequestered carbon by the pre-existing mangroves over centuries but also a land-use which acts as a steady CO2 emitter. For Sustainable development of the Sundarbans, strict enforcement of the existing forest and coastal legislation coupled with the establishment of the state-of-art hatcheries, and promotion of organic shrimp farming preferably with the mangrove-aquaculture farming model is suggested. ID: 3622276
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