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ArticleCommunity resilience to changes in forest public policies: The case of ejidos in northern Mexico
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The communal property regime in Mexico, in which land use and management rights were officially granted to campesinos, has faced many challenges throughout the nearly 100 years after its creation. Since then, a variety of public policies have been established to promote forest management. In the 1970s, the government created a forest management system based on concessions to private or parastatal companies that ignored the opinions of the communities and triggered environmental problems. Later, it initiated other programs, such as the payment for ecosystem services, to reduce deforestation and poverty. However, no empirical evidence of these policies has been studied. In this work, we analyzed the historical role in forest management of three ejidos in the state of Durango, including their organization, capacity building, and their relationship with forest cover changes. Two periods, ranging from the beginning of the concessions to current community forest management (1960‐2018), were compared. Based on Ostrom’s principles of collective action, the effectiveness of the ejidos in conserving their resources was analyzed. Semi‐structured interviews were used to estimate two indexes that associate the internal organization of the communities: Social Organization and Community Institutionality. The cartographic series of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography were also used to evaluate the changes in forest cover in the same period. Results show that the indexes have increased over time, suggesting that ejidos have improved their organization processes. In addition, there is a direct relationship between the forest land increase and both indices. The so‐called community forest management model is a feasible strategy that can contribute to the preservation of these ecosystems. The internal organization of the communities, including their institutional arrangements, is a key factor to search for the sustainable management of these common‐pool resources. Keywords: Collective Action, Common‐Pool Resources, Community Forest Management, Forestland ID: 3613102 Use Change, Social Organization -
ArticleConservation and utilization of natural orchids using a collaborative action model in the Lore Lindu Biosphere Reserve, Sulawesi, Indonesia
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP) as the core zone of the Lore Lindu Biosphere Reserve in Central Sulawesi is home to a unique biodiversity. In the last decade, over exploitation of orchids and illegal timber logging caused a reduction of more than 50% of the orchid population and about 10% of orchids diversity in their natural habitat. Nowadays, there are 31 species remaining and 3 of them are endemic to Sulawesi. In 2015, the LLNP authority (BBTNLL) began conducting research on orchid gardens growing in the National Park. Based on the research results the NP authority has built a conservation model for orchids through the education of pupils by combining ex-situ and in-situ conservation efforts through collaborative action methods to increase public awareness and restocking/restoration of orchids to their natural habitat. The NP authority used the model for conserving orchids for an educational program in cooperation with one local senior high school (SMA). The conservation-based education is carried out in four stages; (i) scoping areas and target locations, (ii) preparation of local content education materials, (iii) orchid conservation education and restocking by taking at least 3 samples per species in pure lines), (iv) replicating the results of conservation education as lessons-learned. The result of the implementation of this model is the establishment of an orchid education project based on a conservation agreement between the NP authority and the SMA. Today, students, but also spontaneously formed women's groups cooperate in protecting, breeding and restocking of orchids. In total, students and women groups have already successfully restored 465 orchid plants. Thus, the local population has made an important contribution to the conservation of the remaining 31 orchid species. Of this amount at least 25% was restored in the natural forest to increase the populations in-situ. Further, two other schools adopted this project as best practice for ecological education. Beside all this, some women gain income by selling breed orchids. Thus, beside a high ecological and conservation value, this initiative of the NP auhority also has an economic value. Key words. Forest, Biodiversity, Restoration, Endemic Species, Participatory, Education ID: 3486083 -
ArticleCommunity-led place-based mangrove ecosystems conservation in West Mexico
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Mangroves are biodiversity- and carbon-rich socio-ecological ecosystems that provide essential goods and services to millions of people. In particular, food, medicine, and wood, which is the primary source of energy and construction material for several Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs) living in coastal areas. Mangrove loss and degradation occur at alarming rates putting at risk the traditional livelihoods of IPLCs. Community-led mangrove conservation could be a cost-effective solution to conserve mangrove forests, their ecosystem services, and biological diversity within and beyond protected areas. Although community-based mangrove conservation is a common practice, few successful case studies are known. In West Mexico, IPLCs have been conserving and managing mangrove ecosystems for decades to produce mangrove wood for both domestic and commercial purposes. Through participatory planning, zones have been designated for conservation, wood production, water bodies protection, and restoration. Historical mangrove cover change analysis for the periods 1970/1980, 2005 and 2010 revealed forest expansion within the community-led conserved area (UMA), including in wood production zones. West Mexico is a unique case study that could provide valuable mangrove conservation best practices and lessons learned to other communities around the world. This community-based conservation strategy may contribute to achieving national and international environmental and biodiversity targets by providing multiple socio-ecological and economic benefits from local to global scales if implemented with a rights-based conservation perspective that incorporates multidisciplinary and participatory scientific assessments and traditional knowledge. It could also enhance sustainable local traditional livelihoods and biocultural practices while reducing illegal logging and contributing to mitigating the effects of climate change and biodiversity loss through nature-based solutions. Keywords: Rights-based Conservation; Sustainable Livelihoods; Community-based Decision-making;Mangroves; Community-led Nature-based Solutions ID: 3487429
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