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Improving dietary diversity for women and children

Participants’ handbook for improved nutrition practices












FAO. 2022. Improving dietary diversity for women and children – Participants’ handbook for improved nutrition practices. Nay Pyi Taw.





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    အမျိုးသမီးများနှင့် ကလေးငယ်များအတွက် အစာအာဟာရစုံလင်ကောင်းမွန်စေခြင်း
    ပိုမိုကောင်းမွန်သော အလေ့အကျင့်များရရှိကျင့်သုံးနိုင်စေရန် ကိုယ်ဝန်ဆောင်အမျိုးသမီးများနှင့် နို့တိုက်မိခင်များ၏ လက်စွဲစာအုပ်
    2022
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    ဤစာအုပ်ထုတ်ဝေရခြင်း၏ အဓိကရည်ရွက်ချက်မှာ အမျိုးသမီး (အထူးသဖြင့် ကိုယ်ဝန်ဆောင်နှင့် နို့တိုက်မိခင်များ) နှင့် မွေးစမှ အသက်နှစ်နှစ် အရွယ်ကလေးများ၏ စားသောက်မှုပုံစံများ အာဟာရပိုမို စုံလင်ကောင်းမွန်လာစေရန် ဖြစ်ပါသည်။ ဤစာအုပ်တွင်အမျိုးမျိုးသော အစားအစာတို့ကို လက်တွေ့ကျအသုံးဝင်သော နည်းလမ်းများဖြင့် စိုက်ပျိုးထုတ်လုပ်ခြင်းများ၊ စုဆောင်းခြင်းများ၊ စျေးကွက်အတွင်းပို့ဆောင်ခြင်းများ၊ သိုလှောင်သိမ်းဆည်းခြင်းများ၊ စီမံပြုပြင်ခြင်းများ ပြင်ဆင်ခြင်းများနှင့် စားသုံးခြင်းစသည့်လုပ်ဆောင်ချက်လမ်းညွှန်မှုများပါဝင်ပါသည်။
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    Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women 2016
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    Women of reproductive age (WRA) are often nutritionally vulnerable because of the physiological demands of pregnancy and lactation. Requirements for most nutrients are higher for pregnant and lactating women than for adult men. The Minimum Dietary Diversity for WRA (MDD-W) 3 indicator defined and described in this document is a food group diversity indicator that has been shown to reflect one key dimension of diet quality: micronutrient adequacy, summarised across 11 micronutrients (Martin-P r ével et al., 2015). The indicator constitutes an important step towards filling the need for indicators for use in national and subnational assessments. Such indicators must be relatively simple to collect and suitable for large surveys.
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    Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women: Partitioning Misclassifications by Proxy Data Collection Methods using Weighed Food Records as the Reference in Ethiopia 2024
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    Food group consumption misclassifications by proxy data collection methods were mainly attributable to females overreporting consumption because of respondent biases or the criterion for foods to be counted, rather than the suboptimal development of the food list in Ethiopia. To obtain precise and accurate MDD-W estimates at the (sub)national level, rigorous context-specific food list development, questionnaire pilot testing, and enumerator training are recommended to mitigate identified biases.

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    The extent of pre- and post-harvest losses in supply chains linked to the home-grown school meals program (HGSMP) is not documented. This study sought to fill this gap and determine critical loss points along the dried bean supply chain of the HGSMP. The study was conducted in Kajiado and Kitui Counties. Secondary and primary data were collected for this study. Primary data was collected from all the schools implementing the HGSMP and all other supply chain actors linked to the programme within the two counties through interviews and direct measurement of the losses (load-tracking). Data was analysed using the FAO case study methodology. Producers reported quantitative losses of about 18.4% and 6.6% in Kitui and Kajiado Counties, respectively. Traders estimated quantitative losses at 5.8% and 12.6% in Kajiado and Kitui, respectively. The study revealed that the storage stage is a critical loss point for both producers and traders. Promotion of awareness and appropriate technologies and practices for storage and post-harvest handling of food commodities procured for school meals can contribute to reducing losses. Capacity building of supply chain actors on proper pre-harvest agricultural practices and post-harvest management is also essential for the reduction of pre- and post-harvest losses.
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    The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018.