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Evidence-based risk management along the livestock production and market chain: Myanmar











​FAO. 2019. Evidence-based risk management along the livestock production and market chain: Myanmar CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO


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    Evidence-based risk management along the livestock production and market chain: Cambodia 2019
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    Since Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 was first reported in Cambodia in 2004, outbreaks have repeatedly occurred. Takeo Live Bird Market (LBM) is one of the largest in the country and its poultry value chain connects throughout Cambodia. Moreover, the intensive cross-border movements of people, poultry and poultry products makes Takeo province a high-risk area where HPAI and Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI) can easily spread from neighbouring areas. The prolific works of the Pasteur Institute of Cambodia (PIC) and the National Animal Health and Production Research Institute (NAHPRI) have shown that circulation of avian influenza (AI) viruses in the LBM can put poultry and stakeholders at risk of infection. By improving biosecurity and hygiene practices in the sale and slaughter of poultry in live bird markets, the project Evidence Based Risk Management Along the Livestock Production and Market Chain greatly contributes to reduce the circulation of AI viruses and lower the risk of disease transmission. The project is supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and Australia’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT). The provincial local government in Takeo and the Office of Animal Health and Production (OAHP), market poultry traders, sellers and slaughterers are working together in a multi-stakeholder approach to improve the safety of LBM especially the practices of poultry sale and slaughter with guidance from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the Cambodian General Directorate of Animal Health and Production (GDAHP).
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    Evidence-based risk management along the livestock production and market chain
    Lao People's Democratic Republic
    2019
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    The demand for poultry and poultry products is increasing in Luangprabang and its surrounding provinces. To meet this demand, the province now imports a large amount of poultry from neighbouring countries. Importing poses a significant risk to the vulnerable local poultry population with the introduction of threats such as transboundary animal diseases, which includes highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Luangprabang, located in the north of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) has reported HPAI outbreaks in the past and the risk of reintroduction is always high. In order to reduce this risk, the Department of Livestock and Fisheries (DLF), the Government of Lao PDR, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) have implemented ‘evidence-based risk management along the livestock production and market chain.’ In addition, related activities were also implemented in three high-risk villages of Luangprabang with support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Australian Government.
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    Basic texts of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2017 edition 2017
    The Nations accepting this Constitution, being determined to promote the common welfare by furthering separate and collective action on their part for the purpose of: raising levels of nutrition and standards of living of the peoples under their respective jurisdictions; securing improvements in the efficiency of the production and distribution of all food and agricultural products; bettering the condition of rural populations; and thus contributing towards an expanding world economy and ensuring humanity's freedom from hunger; hereby establish the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, hereinafter referred to as the "Organization", through which the Members will report to one another on the measures taken and the progress achieved in the field of action set forth above.
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    The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018.
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    In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.