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Book (stand-alone)FlagshipEl estado de los mercados de productos básicos agrícolas (SOCO) 2004 2004Los avances tcnicos que permiten aumentar la productividad y reducir los costos suponen que, a largo plazo, se d una tendencia progresiva a la baja de los precios reales de los productos bsicos agrcolas en los mercados internacionales, pero esa tendencia est dominada por una considerable variabilidad a corto plazo. Muchos pases en desarrollo, especialmente los pases menos adelantados, siguen dependiendo de apenas unos pocos productos bsicos agrcolas para la mayor parte de sus ingresos de exporta cin. Para ellos, la variabilidad de los precios de los productos bsicos tiene enormes repercusiones en los ingresos, el empleo y los ingresos de los gobiernos, lo que, de modo ms general, compromete las iniciativas de planificacin macroeconmica y desarrollo. No obstante, los pases en desarrollo considerados como grupo tambin dependen cada vez ms de las importaciones de alimentos. Los pases menos adelantados ya son importadores netos de productos alimenticios. En esas circunstancias, la cada de l os precios internacionales de los alimentos es evidentemente beneficiosa, pero la creciente dependencia de los alimentos importados tambin implica una mayor exposicin a la variabilidad de sus precios internacionales y, por consiguiente, un mayor costo total de las importaciones de alimentos. Los pases en desarrollo tienen que hacer frente a la variabilidad de los precios internacionales de los productos bsicos en sus esfuerzos por aumentar sus ingresos de exportacin o gestionar el costo total de sus importaciones de alimentos. Al mismo tiempo, tienen que hacer frente tambin a las distorsiones del mercado que introducen los aranceles de importacin y las subvenciones a la exportacin y la produccin que utilizan tanto los pases desarrollados como los pases en desarrollo, as como al poder de mercado de las grandes empresas transnacionales en numerosas cadenas de valor de productos bsicos.
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Book (stand-alone)FlagshipEl estado de los mercados de productos básicos agrícolas (SOCO) 2009
Los precios altos de los alimentos y la crisis alimentaria: experiencias y lecciones aprendidas
2009Durante el primer semestre de 2008 el mundo se enfrentó con los precios de los alimentos más altos de los últimos 30 años y con una crisis de inseguridad alimentaria mundial. Si bien desde entonces los precios han descendido, siguen estando por encima de los niveles de los últimos años, y se prevé que continúen así. La FAO calcula que la escalada de los precios de los alimentos empujó a otros 115 millones de personas al hambre crónica durante 2007 y 2008, lo cual eleva a casi 1 000 millones el total de personas que padecen hambre en el mundo. En el presente informe se explica por qué aumentaron los precios de los alimentos y las medidas que se deben tomar para garantizar que el episodio del alza de los precios de los alimentos constituya una oportunidad para que los agricultores de los países en desarrollo ayuden a mantener la oferta alimentaria mundial a precios asequibles. Además, se centra en la medida en que los «nuevos» factores —la demanda de biocombusti ble, los precios récord del petróleo y el aumento de la demanda de alimentos en China y la India— pueden explicar la repentina inflación de los precios, así como el papel que desempeñaron los factores tradicionales del mercado. -
No Thumbnail AvailableBook (stand-alone)Technical studyAGRICULTURA, COMERCIO Y SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA: CUESTIONES Y OPCIONES PARA LAS NEGOCIACIONES DE LA OMC DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DE LOS PAÍSES EN DESARROLLO
Informe y documentos del Simposio de la FAO celebrado en Ginebra el 23 - 24 de septiembre de 1999 Vol. I - Cuestiones y Opciones
2000En virtud de su mandato de prestar asistencia a los países miembros para las actividades complementarias de la Ronda Uruguay y las futuras negociaciones sobre la agricultura, la FAO ha desplegado una amplia gama de iniciativas destinadas a mejorar la capacidad, particularmente de los países en desarrollo, de analizar las consecuencias de los Acuerdos de la Ronda Uruguay para el sector agropecuario, efectuar los ajustes correspondientes al nuevo entorno comercial con el fin de poder sacar provech o de las oportunidades de comercialización, y participar eficazmente en las futuras negociaciones comerciales multilaterales. El Plan de Acción de la Cumbre Mundial sobre la Alimentación de 1996 compromete a la FAO a continuar prestando asistencia a los países en desarrollo en las cuestiones referentes al comercio y en particular
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020
Transforming food systems for affordable healthy diets
2020Updates for many countries have made it possible to estimate hunger in the world with greater accuracy this year. In particular, newly accessible data enabled the revision of the entire series of undernourishment estimates for China back to 2000, resulting in a substantial downward shift of the series of the number of undernourished in the world. Nevertheless, the revision confirms the trend reported in past editions: the number of people affected by hunger globally has been slowly on the rise since 2014. The report also shows that the burden of malnutrition in all its forms continues to be a challenge. There has been some progress for child stunting, low birthweight and exclusive breastfeeding, but at a pace that is still too slow. Childhood overweight is not improving and adult obesity is on the rise in all regions.The report complements the usual assessment of food security and nutrition with projections of what the world may look like in 2030, if trends of the last decade continue. Projections show that the world is not on track to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030 and, despite some progress, most indicators are also not on track to meet global nutrition targets. The food security and nutritional status of the most vulnerable population groups is likely to deteriorate further due to the health and socio economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.The report puts a spotlight on diet quality as a critical link between food security and nutrition. Meeting SDG 2 targets will only be possible if people have enough food to eat and if what they are eating is nutritious and affordable. The report also introduces new analysis of the cost and affordability of healthy diets around the world, by region and in different development contexts. It presents valuations of the health and climate-change costs associated with current food consumption patterns, as well as the potential cost savings if food consumption patterns were to shift towards healthy diets that include sustainability considerations. The report then concludes with a discussion of the policies and strategies to transform food systems to ensure affordable healthy diets, as part of the required efforts to end both hunger and all forms of malnutrition. -
Book (stand-alone)High-profileState of knowledge of soil biodiversity - Status, challenges and potentialities
Report 2020
2020Also available in:
No results found.There is increasing attention to the importance of biodiversity for food security and nutrition, especially above-ground biodiversity such as plants and animals. However, less attention is being paid to the biodiversity beneath our feet, soil biodiversity, which drives many processes that produce food or purify soil and water. This report is the result of an inclusive process involving more than 300 scientists from around the world under the auspices of the FAO’s Global Soil Partnership and its Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative, and the European Commission. It presents concisely the state of knowledge on soil biodiversity, the threats to it, and the solutions that soil biodiversity can provide to problems in different fields. It also represents a valuable contribution to raising awareness of the importance of soil biodiversity and highlighting its role in finding solutions to today's global threats. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.