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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookPromoting sustainable land management through evidence-based decision support
A guide with country insights
2023Also available in:
No results found.This publication is a product of the GEF-funded FAO project ‘Decision Support for Mainstreaming and Scaling Out Sustainable Land Management (DS-SLM)’ which has developed a decision support framework (DSF). The DSF integrates experience from work with land degradation (LD) and SLM into an overall strategy for mainstreaming and scaling out SLM at different spatial and temporal scales. This publication serves as a step-by-step guide for the application and implementation of the DSF during planning, design and implementation of SLM interventions. It includes elements – both in its modules and proposed tools and methods – which can support countries in pursuing land degradation neutrality (LDN). -
ProjectFactsheetStrengthening Soil Analysis and Information Systems to Enhance Sustainable Soil Management and Support Evidence-Based Decision Making in Liberia - TCP/LIR/3804 2025
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No results found.Agricultural land in Liberia (around 5.4 percent of the area) is divided into swamps and forests, and a third of it is under permanent crops plantation. Even though it was assumed that swamps were better suited for rice crops, there was very little knowledge about the soils properties and potential to improve the number of crops or the yields quality and quantity. The country was also lacking some appropriate technologies and capacities to support sustainable land-use programmes. Although some work on data collection had been done in the past, after a long civil crisis and several development challenges, Liberia still counted on limited available data to implement an efficient agricultural plan. By increasing national capacities in soil analysis and implementing better practices for the sustainable use of the land, the project was aligned with the Global Soil Partnership (GSP) policies. Furthermore, by addressing key technical concerns about climate change and the agricultural sector, the project provided strong support to the government programmes and initiatives, which entailed two relevant changes of context: (i) incorporating sustainable land management techniques for sustainable farming, and (ii) new institutional and agricultural frameworks to draw attention from multiple stakeholders, thus promoting the allocation of further financial resources to develop all environmental areas. -
ProjectFactsheetPromoting Sustainable Land Management in Angola - GCP/ANG/055/GFF 2025
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No results found.The project aimed to address land degradation in southwestern Angola, particularly in Huambo and Benguela provinces, which are heavily affected by unsustainable practices such as shifting cultivation and overgrazing. Land degradation, a significant issue in rural Angola, was exacerbated by inadequate land-use planning, limited technological capacity, and insufficient integration of sustainable land management (SLM) practices. Despite its potential to reduce dependence on oil and food imports, the agricultural sector in Angola remains underdeveloped, particularly for small-scale family farmers The project’s primary goal was to reverse land degradation trends by combining sustainable land-use planning, decision making, and capacity building through participatory approaches. The strategy was based on three components: strengthening national capacity for land-use management, integrating SLM practices at local levels using agroecological zoning (AEZ) data, and developing financing options for SLM. The project built on previous and ongoing Global Environment Facility (GEF)-funded SLM projects in Angola (UTF/068/ANG, GCP/ANG/048/GFF and GCP/ANG/050/LDF) and worked synergistically with related initiatives, including national efforts under the Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN). The project has three main components. The first is on capacity Building with a focus on strengthening the Center for Tropical Ecology and Climate Change (CETAC)’s geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial planning for land-use management and developing a decision-support system (DSS) to monitor land degradation, especially on Benguela and Huambo provinces. The second component aims to drive local SLM integration, promoting sustainable practices at the municipal and community levels, engaging local authorities and communities, and developing local SLM plans in demonstration landscapes. The last component focuses on developing options for SLM financing, conducting economic analysis of land degradation costs, and exploring innovative financing mechanisms to support land restoration in Huambo and Benguela.
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BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
Book (stand-alone)General interest bookFood policies and their implications on overweight and obesity trends in selected countries in the Near East and North Africa region
Regional Program Working Paper No. 30
2020Also available in:
No results found.Regional and global trends in body weight show that the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region countries, especially the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member countries, have the highest average body mass index and highest rates of overweight and obesity in the world. There exist several explanations that expound the high rates of overweight and obesity in most NENA countries, including the nutrition transition, urbanization, changes in lifestyle, and consequent reduction of physical activities. This study examines the implication of food policies, mainly trade and government food subsidies, on evolving nutritional transitions and associated body weight outcomes. We examine the evolution of trade (food) policies, food systems, and body weight outcomes across selected countries in the NENA region – Egypt, Jordan, and Iraq. In particular, we investigate the implications of important trade (food) policies in shaping diets and food systems as well as their implications on public health outcomes, mainly the rising levels of overweight and obesity in the NENA region. We provide a simple conceptual framework through which trade policies (tariff rates) and domestic government food policies (subsidies) may affect food systems and nutritional outcomes. An important and innovative feature of this study is that it compiles several macro- and micro-level datasets that allow both macro and micro-level analyses of the evolution of trade (food) policies and associated obesity trends. This approach helps to at least partly overcome the data scarcity that complicates rigorous policy research in the NENA region. Overweight and obesity rates have almost doubled between 1975 and 2016, with varying rates and trends across regions. For instance, whereas body weight in the NENA region was comparable with that found in high-income countries in the early years, after the 1990s regional overweight and obesity rates became much higher than those in high-income countries. Specifically, while most high-income countries are experiencing a relative slowing of increases in overweight rates, the trend for the NENA region continues to increase at higher rates. The evolution of overweight rates for the GCC countries are even more concerning. These trends are likely to contribute to the already high burden of non-communicable diseases in the NENA region. Contrary to the conventional view that overweight and obesity rates are urban problems, our findings show that rural body weight has been rising over the past few decades, sometimes at higher rates than in urban areas. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.