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Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetEvaluation reportReversing deforestation and degradation in high conservation value Chilgoza Pine Forests in Pakistan
Evaluation highlights
2025Also available in:
No results found.The project aimed to support the conservation of Chilgoza forests through the promotion of sustainable forest management actions for sustainable local livelihoods. The GEF funded this FAO-implemented project in Pakistan through Provincial Forest and Wildlife Departments. It was implemented through a direct approach and was part of The Restoration Initiative. The evaluation scope involved a comprehensive and systematic account of the project’s performance by assessing its design, implementation and results upon completion. It covered the project’s execution period from 2018 to 2024. -
BookletEvaluation reportTerminal evaluation of the project "Reversing deforestation and degradation in high conservation value Chilgoza Pine Forests in Pakistan"
Project code: GCP/PAK/091/GFF, GEF ID 9516
2025Also available in:
No results found.This report summarizes the main findings, conclusions and recommendations from the terminal evaluation of the “Reversing deforestation and degradation in high conservation value Chilgoza Pine Forests in Pakistan” Project, funded through the Global Environment Facility and implemented by FAO. The report used a range of methods to collect evidence – including a desk review of project documentation, field visits to project sites in four provinces, interviews with project beneficiaries and partners and a review of the project theory of change. The audience for this evaluation is primarily project staff in the FAO Country Office. The report concludes with a series of recommendations directed towards FAO regarding the potential for a second phase follow-on project which would consolidate some of the initial impacts made over the life of this project. -
DocumentOther documentCommunity participation and women empowerment in the protected forests of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Malakand civil division became a part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa after the merger of the princely states of Swat, Dir and Chitral in 1969. In the princely state regime, the forests were completely belonging to the state, and local people were given some rights. The merger created a vacuum, which was exploited by the timber mafia and heavy cutting of forests took place. The main reason was the confused land tenure system, where the forest land belonged to the forest department, while the local communities were given the rights for timber, fuelwood, and grazing. Under an agreement the department also allowed to receive 60 percent of the net revenue from the commercial timber harvesting. However, the royalty payment was given only to the male members of the family, women were excluded. During this period, a number of donor funded projects started work in this area, and tried to address this key issue of land tenure, community participation, and the equitable distribution of benefits. These projects after a struggle of 20 years convinced the forest department to encourage community participation in the forest management and institutionalize the rules to address the issue of the land tenure. In this regard, legal cover was provided for community participation through the Forest Policy in 1999, the Forest ordinance in 2002, and the community participation rules in 2004. This resulted in getting the cooperation of the local communities, including a royalty share to women, and other disadvantaged groups. The communities organized themselves into forest protection committees with membership of both gender. The two decades struggle decreased the deforestation in the area, and brought an equitable distribution of benefits. Keywords: Gender, Deforestation and forest degradation, Biodiversity conservation, Governance, Economic Development ID: 3485860
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BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
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No results found.What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.