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ArticleJournal articlePrediction of distribution changes of carpinus laxiflora and C. tschonoskii based on climate change scenarios using MaxEnt model in the Republic of Korea
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Hornbeams (Carpinus spp.), which are widely distributed in South Korea, are recognized as one of the most abundant species at climax stage in the temperate forests. Although the distribution and vegetation structure of the C. laxiflora community have been reported, little ecological information of C. tschonoskii is available. Little effort was made to examine the distribution shift of these species under the future climate conditions. This study was conducted to predict potential shifts in the distribution of C. laxiflora and C. tschonoskii in 2050s and 2090s under the two sets of climate change scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The MaxEnt model was used to predict the spatial distribution of two species using the occurrence data derived from the 6th National Forest Inventory data as well as climate and topography data. It was found that the main factors for the distribution of C. laxiflora were elevation, temperature seasonality, and mean annual precipitation. The distribution of C. tschonoskii, was influenced by temperature seasonality, mean annual precipitation, and mean diurnal rang. It was projected that the total habitat area of the C. laxiflora could increase by 1.05% and 1.11% under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, respectively. It was also predicted that the distributional area of C. tschonoskii could expand under the future climate conditions. These results highlighted that the climate change would have considerable impact on the spatial distribution of C. laxiflora and C. tschonoskii. These also suggested that ecological information derived from climate change impact assessment study can be used to develop proper forest management practices in response to climate change. Keywords: Carpinus laxiflora, C. tschonoskii, Climate change, Distribution change, MaxEnt ID:3619140 -
ArticleJournal articleSpatial distribution model of phragmanthera plant parasite in Rift Valley Ecoregion of Kenya
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.About 80% of Kenya’s land area has been classified as Arid and Semi-Arid, ASALs and experiences high temperatures and low erratic rainfall throughout the year. In the search for suitable tree species for agroforestry and landscape restoration in Kenyan ASALs two Meliaceae tree species, indigenous Melia volkensii (Geurke) and exotic Azadirachta indica (A. Juss.) were selected for further research. In Kenya, Botryosphaeriaceae has been reported on Grevillea robusta on-farm causing damage to the tree and in severe cases leads to mortality. Molecular identification of cultures used in the study based on rDNA of the ITS and Tef1-alpha gene regions for 86 isolates classified into 6 species of the Botryosphaeriaceae. 3 of the Botryosphaeriaceae species belonged to the genus Lasiodiplodia namely L. pseudotheobromae, L. theobromae and L. parva. This is the first report of species Spencermartinsia viticola and Macrophoma theicola in Kenya. Pathogenicity tests done under glasshouse conditions showed that the L. pseudotheobromae species was most virulent to both M. volkensii & A. indica while L. theobromae was least virulent to both tree species. Wilting & necrosis was recorded within 7 days of inoculation but wound healing occurred on both species after 12 weeks. This study gives insight into disease resistance and tolerance of these dryland species for plantation establishment. It also revealed wider host diversity for Botryosphaeriaceae in the drylands. Further research into the species disease resistance mechanisms and proper silvicultural treatments are a prerequisite for large scale planting of the two tree species in light of climate variation and ecosystem changes. The recommendations given in the study are being taken into account for commercial forestry ventures in the drylands and advisory services being provided for diseases control and management. Key words: Pathogenicity test, Phylogenetic analyses, Lesion measurement ID: 3623720 -
ArticleJournal articleSpatial distribution model of phragmanthera plant parasite in Rift Valley Ecoregion of Kenya
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Genus Phragmanthera (Loranthaceae) family is in one of the families of mistletoes which are parasitic plants that solely depend on their hosts for nutrients and water once attached. The parasitism leads to wilting and drying up of the infested part and in cases of high infestation mortality of the tree affected. Members of the genus were observed to parasitize tree hosts in the Rift Valley ecoregion through a transect survey. The locations of the parasitic plant were recorded and used for Maximum Entropy (Maxent) modelling to determine environmental conditions making up the niche of the parasite and to develop suitability maps of the parasitic plant within Rift Valley ecoregion. 27 occurrence records representing 102 trees were correlated to the 19 Bioclimatic variables representing temperature and precipitation conditions globally. The species identified in this study is Phragmanthera cornetti (Dewevre) Polhill & Wiens with key host species being Cupressus sempevirens var. pyramidalis, Schinus molle and Jacaranda mimisifolia which are ornamental trees. Maximum Entropy software (Maxent) version 3.4 was used to determine the species suitability of Phragmanthera cornetti identifying Baringo, Nakuru, Uasin Gishu, Transnzoia and Elgeyo Marakwet as hot spots for infestation by the parasitic plant. Environmental variables weighed as most critical to Phragmanthera cornetti distribution in the sampled area were precipitation of coldest quarter, precipitation of driest month, Temperature seasonality, Isothermality and minimum temperature of coldest month. These variables were ranked using their individual contribution to the model (AUC=0.935) computed on MaxEnt correlating the occurrences to Bioclimatic variables. The identified counties within the predicted ranges of Phragmanthera cornetti infestation should begin using more resistant or less susceptible tree species for their tree growing programs. All infested trees and branches should be pruned for short term control of the spreading of Phragmanthera cornetti in the upcoming coldest quarter. Further studies into more effective control measures for the parasitic plants are being investigated for a more integrated approach. This includes use of selective herbicides and management by utilization. Key words: Species Distribution Modelling, Phragmanthera, Bioclimatic variables, ecological niche ID: 3623688
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Book (stand-alone)Manual / guideRecarbonizing global soils: A technical manual of recommended sustainable soil management
Volume 3 - Cropland, grassland, integrated systems and farming approaches - Practices overview
2021Also available in:
No results found.During the last decades, soil organic carbon (SOC) attracted the attention of a much wider array of specialists beyond agriculture and soil science, as it was proven to be one of the most crucial components of the earth’s climate system, which has a great potential to be managed by humans. Soils as a carbon pool are one of the key factors in several Sustainable Development Goals, in particular Goal 15, “Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss” with the SOC stock being explicitly cited in Indicator 15.3.1. This technical manual is the first attempt to gather, in a standardized format, the existing data on the impacts of the main soil management practices on SOC content in a wide array of environments, including the advantages, drawbacks and constraints. This manual presents different sustainable soil management (SSM) practices at different scales and in different contexts, supported by case studies that have been shown with quantitative data to have a positive effect on SOC stocks and successful experiences of SOC sequestration in practical field applications. Volume 3 includes a total of 49 practices that have a direct impact on SOC sequestration and maintenance in cropland, grassland, integrated systems and farming approaches. -
Book (series)Technical studyExposure of humans or animals to SARS-CoV-2 from wild, livestock, companion and aquatic animals
Qualitative exposure assessment
2020Also available in:
No results found.Understanding the risk of exposure of humans or animals to SARS-CoV-2 from animals and their products is essential for containing virus spread, prioritizing research, protecting food systems, and informing national One Health investigations and mitigation measures. This Qualitative Exposure Assessment provides a comprehensive review of available scientific evidence and assessment of exposure risk from different wild or domestic animal species. Results can inform country-level risk assessment and provide the evidence base for targeted SARS-CoV-2 investigations in animals and mitigation options. This publication provides: I. assessment of the risk of human or animal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 through contact with, handling or consumption of wild, domestic and aquatic animal species or their products; II. identification of current knowledge gaps regarding the zoonotic origin or animal-human spillover of SARS-CoV-2 and recommendations on priority studies; III. summary of available evidence for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility of different animal species; IV. evidence-based recommendations on how to prioritize animal species for targeted field investigations or research studies; V. recommendations for targeted One Health investigations and epidemiological, laboratory, anthropological or seasonality studies to fill critical knowledge gaps evidenced by this exposure assessment. -
Book (stand-alone)Manual / guideRecarbonizing global soils – A technical manual of recommended management practices
Volume 4 - Cropland, grassland, integrated systems and farming approaches - Case studies
2021Also available in:
No results found.During the last decades, soil organic carbon (SOC) attracted the attention of a much wider array of specialists beyond agriculture and soil science, as it was proven to be one of the most crucial components of the earth’s climate system, which has a great potential to be managed by humans. Soils as a carbon pool are one of the key factors in several Sustainable Development Goals, in particular Goal 15, “Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss” with the SOC stock being explicitly cited in Indicator 15.3.1. This technical manual is the first attempt to gather, in a standardized format, the existing data on the impacts of the main soil management practices on SOC content in a wide array of environments, including the advantages, drawbacks and constraints. This manual presents different sustainable soil management (SSM) practices at different scales and in different contexts, supported by case studies that have been shown with quantitative data to have a positive effect on SOC stocks and successful experiences of SOC sequestration in practical field applications. Volume 4 includes 51 case studies dealing with cropland, grassland, integrated systems and farming approaches.