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Resilience Building in Ethiopia

FAO Programme Review 2024









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    Book (series)
    Reducing vulnerability to weather shocks through social protection – Evidence from the implementation of Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) in Ethiopia 2022
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    This paper uncovers the mechanisms shaping the impact of the public work component of the Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) on beneficiaries and communities’ food security and vulnerability to various shocks. From a policy perspective, the empirical findings recommend explicitly integrating environmental and climate considerations to design social protection programmes which target poor agricultural households highly vulnerable to weather shocks.
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    Book (stand-alone)
    Building resilience to climate change-related and other disasters in Ethiopia
    Challenges, lessons and the way forward
    2022
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    Ethiopia is exposed to a wide range of disasters associated with the country’s extensive dependence on rainfed subsistence agriculture, climate change, resource degradation, diverse geoclimatic and socio-economic conditions and conflicts. Drought and floods are the major challenges, but a number of other threats affect communities and livelihoods. These include conflict, desert locust, fall armyworm, frost and hail, crop pests and diseases, livestock diseases, human diseases, landslides, earthquakes, and urban and forest fires. Every source of evidence suggests that Ethiopia would feel the human and economic impacts of climate change intensely, and the impacts will only continue to grow if the country continues a business-as-usual approach to crisis response, and will not be able to manage the increasing scale of the challenges. Thus, there is call by all stakeholders for a paradigm shift in the way the country deals with communities at risk, in order to take preventive actions to reduce exposure, vulnerability and impact at local level. This requires moving away from a reactive system that solely focuses on drought and supply of life-saving humanitarian relief and emergency responses during disasters to a comprehensive proactive disaster and climate risk management approach, including climate change adaptation, among which are interventions to enhance livelihood diversification, social protection programmes and risk transfer mechanisms. Furthermore, resilient agrifood systems support should include a range of proven interventions that are context-relevant and cover the whole agrifood system, such as increase in fertilizer use where appropriate and high-yielding and drought-tolerant seeds, strengthened extension and advisory systems at the kebele (local) level through the use of farmer field schools and pastoral field schools, expansion of access to credit, livelihood diversification, risk transfer mechanism and institutional development that link short-term emergency relief to long-term development pathways. This approach is essential for building resilience to natural hazard and human-induced disasters resulting in food insecurity challenges. Much progress has been made in the last 50 years in the way of managing mainly drought disaster risks. Large-scale prevention and mitigation programmes have been designed, incorporating a focus on vulnerabilities, household asset-building, and public works for environmental rehabilitation and generation of livelihoods. Preparedness has been enhanced by the development of various policies and strategic documents for assessment and intervention, early warning and response systems, and economic, social and physical infrastructure to strengthen the local economy and household livelihoods. An attempt has also been made for humanitarian response to count on an established risk-financing.
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    Brochure, flyer, fact-sheet
    Resilience Building in Madagascar
    FAO Programme Review 2024
    2024
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    The FAO Regional Office for Africa (RAF) collaborates with several African countries in Africa, including Madagascar, to enhance resilience building efforts. In Madagascar FAO is employing an integrated approach to restore and enhance the food production as well as diversify the di¬ets of the communities. Support includes production of short-cycle vegetables, early maturing, and climate-re¬silient varieties of pulses and cereals, and small livestock (poultry and small ruminants), while increasing farmers access to agriculture inputs and sensitizing them to biolog¬ical control of plant pest and diseases. Emphasis is made to include climate-smart agriculture and nutrition sensitive agriculture, combined with sustainable water solutions. To protect and enhance livestock-based livelihoods, livestock vaccination and treatment campaigns are be¬ing scaled up. This includes awareness creation on com¬mon animal disease outbreaks and control but above all, during training sessions, the emphasis is on a prophy¬lactic approach. Furthermore, FAO Madagascar supports the Government in the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Finally, efforts are being made to rebuild herds and diversify livelihoods through restocking measures, along with en¬hanced animal health services and robust surveillance of common livestock diseases. Through solar pump irrigation systems, FAO is working with communities to build water infrastructure to in¬crease access and availability of water resource for agri¬cultural production and livestock. FAO is also providing support to the Government of Madagascar to strengthen Food Security and Nutrition information analysis and co¬ordination for improved preparedness and response. The food security, nutrition and climate information systems are being reinforced with a focus on strengthening part¬nerships with national and the Southern Africa Devel¬opment Community (SADC). , This document reflects an analysis of ongoing FAO Madagascar resilience building interventions and how they contribute towards the five capacities for resilience building, namely: Preventive: reduce existing and future risks; Anticipative: act early; Absorptive: the ability to bounce back, overwhelmingly humanitarian (emergency response); Adaptive: incremental adjustments; Transformative: make fundamental changes to the system. The five capacity areas are in most cases overlapping during specific project implementation, with the classification based on the overarching resilience capacity area.

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