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Book (series)Technical studyImpact of rising feed ingredient prices on aquafeeds and aquaculture production 2009
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No results found.The present technical paper investigates and evaluates the underlying reasons for the recent dramatic rise in prices of many of the commodities (e.g., soybean, corn, fishmeal, fish oil, rice and wheat) used in aquafeed production and its consequences for the aquafeed industry, and in particular, on demand and expectations from aquaculture in securing current and future fish supplies with particular reference to Asia and Europe. This technical paper also discusses issues related to avai lability of and access to land and water resources, and the impact of other sectors, using these resources, on the direction of aquaculture both in terms of species produced and the production systems. In the light of probable increase in competition for land and water in many aquaculture producing countries in Asia, there will inevitably be increasing pressure to intensify aquaculture productivity through the use of more commercial feeds than farm-made feeds. Due to the increasing p rices of ingredients, aquafeed prices, especially the prices of compound aquafeeds, may increase further and a shortfall in the local supplies will compel importation of aquafeeds. Of the ingredients, fishmeal and fish oil are highly favoured for aquafeeds and aquafeed production is under increasing pressure due to limited supplies and increasing price of fishmeal and fish oil. Considering these factors, this review also outlines initiatives that are searching for substitutes for fishm eal and fish oil so as to position the industry to meet the challenge of securing aquafeed for sustaining aquaculture. A brief overview of coping strategies to strengthen national capacity to address the issue of aquafeed supply and to mitigate rising prices of aquafeed ingredient is given. These strategies include policies, research and private sector and farmers’ initiatives. -
Book (series)Technical studyFeed ingredients and fertilizers for aquatic animals: sources and composition 2009
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No results found.The present technical paper presents an up-to-date overview of the major feed ingredient sources and feed additives commonly used within industrially compounded aquafeeds, including feed ingredient sources commonly used within farm-made aquafeeds, and major fertilizers and manures used in aquaculture for live food production. Information is provided concerning the proximate and essential amino acid composition of common feed ingredient sources, as well as recommended quality criteria and relativ e nutritional merits and limitations, together with a bibliography of published feeding studies for major feed ingredient sources by cultured species. The main body of the document deals with the nutritional composition and usage of major feed ingredient sources in compound aquafeeds, as well as the use of fertilizers and manures in aquaculture operations. Major feed ingredient and fertilizer groupings discussed include: animal protein sources, plant protein sources, single cell protein sources, lipid sources, other plant ingredients, feed additives, and fertilizers and manures. The concluding section of the document undertakes a comparative analysis of the essential amino acid profiles of the major reported feed ingredient sources for cultured finfish and crustaceans, and presents average reported dietary inclusion levels of major feed ingredient sources used within practical feeds, including their major attributes and limitations. Finally, the importance of feed safety, traceability, and use of good feed manufacturing practices is stressed, together with the importance of considering the long term sustainability of feed ingredient supplies. -
No Thumbnail AvailableBook (series)Technical studyInteractions between fish and aquatic macrophytes in inland waters. A review. 2000
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No results found.Thirteen major chapters deal with the following: aquatic macrophytes as fish habitat (spawning, nesting, nursery and feeding habitat, and the significance of structural complexity and density of aquatic macrophytes for fish); fish and other vertebrates of fishery significance that feed on aquatic macrophytes (such as grass carp, several species of tilapia, Colossoma, Puntius, turtles, some birds, manatees, nutria, muskrat); aquatic macrophytes, water quality and fish (includes considerations of the impact of eutrophication and biomanipulation on aquatic macrophytes, wastewater treatment systems, and the impact in temperate climate of intensified fishpond production on aquatic macrophytes); aquatic macrophytes as a link in the food chain (fish grazing impact on nutrient release, and aquatic macrophytes versus phytoplankton, zooplankton, aquatic macroinvertebrates, and crayfish); piscivorous fish - prey relationships in and at the water-aquatic macrophyte interface; invasive and nuisance aquatic plants (water hyacinth, water lettuce, salvinia, papyrus, hydrilla, Myriophyllum) and their impact on fish and fisheries; special floating plant communities, i.e. sudd, varzea and igapo, and their significance for fish stocks and fisheries; inundated forests, submersed trees in reservoirs, and their significance for fish production; the impact of aquatic macrophytes on fish densities, standing crop and production in various types of water bodies; impact of recreation on fish through dam age to aquatic plants, and how the recreational fishery is affected by aquatic macrophytes. Further chapters deal with fish capture methods in vegetated water bodies, with the impact of aquatic plant control on fish stocks and fisheries, and with aquatic macrophytes as an obstacle to fishery. The final chapter covers briefly the aspect of aquatic macrophytes as a habitat for vectors and hosts of tropical diseases, and how fish can assist with their control. This publication does not cover inte rrelationships between fish and mangroves, fish in salt marshes and tidal flats, use of aquatic macrophytes as food or fish feed additives in aquaculture, fish in ricefields, use of macrophytes for the removal of aquaculture effluents and in recirculating fish culture systems. Several topics are covered only briefly: water-borne disease control (only those larvivorous and molluscivorous fish, which also serve as food, are discussed); biomanipulation (the section dealing with this subject focuses largely on the function of fish versus macrophytes); floodplains (the reader is directed to major publications on this topic). Control of aquatic macrophytes is limited to the use of fish, and to the impact on fish of chemical and mechanical control measures.
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Book (stand-alone)Technical studyAppropriate food packaging solutions for developing countries 2014The study was undertaken to serve as a basis for the international congress Save Food!, taking place from 16 to 17 May 2011, at the international packaging industry fair Interpack2011 in Düsseldorf, Germany. Save Food! has been co organized by Interpack2011 and FAO, aiming to raise awareness on global food losses and waste. In addition, Save Food! brings to the attention of the international packaging industry the constraints faced by the small- and medium-scale food processing industries in dev eloping countries to obtain access to adequate packaging materials which are economically feasible. This revised edition, dated 2014, contains a new section on investment opportunities in developing countries (paragraph 3.7).
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DocumentBulletinNon-Wood News
An information bulletin on non-wood forest products
2009Also available in:
No results found.Behind the new-look Non-Wood News is the usual wealth of information from the world of NWFPs. The Special Features section covers two different aspects of NWFPs: a specific product (bamboo) and a developing market (cosmetics and beauty care). Bamboo is versatile: it can be transformed, for example, into textiles, charcoal, vinegar, green plastic or paper and can also be used as a food source, a deodorant, an innovative building material and to fuel power stations. Reports indicate that natural c osmetics and beauty care are a huge global market, with forecasts indicating an annual growth of 9 percent through 2008. The Special Feature on Forest cosmetics: NWFP use in the beauty industry builds on this and includes information industry interest and marketing strategies (consumers are being drawn to natural products and thus their content is emphasized). As can be seen from the articles on shea butter in Africa and thanakha in Myanmar, many societies have always used and benefited from nat ural cosmetics. This issue includes other examples of traditional knowledge, such as the uses of the secretions of a poisonous tree frog in Brazil and the use by the traditional healers in India of allelopathic knowledge. -
Book (series)Technical studyBy-products of tuna processing 2013
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No results found.The global catch of the principal tuna market species (albacore, bigeye, bluefin (three species), skipjack and yellowfin) in 2010 was 4.3 million tonnes and they contributed to about 8 percent of global fish exports. Tuna is mainly marketed in fresh, chilled, frozen or canned form. However, the tuna loin and canning industry generates a considerable amount of by-products and the practice of utilization of these by-products varies in different geographical regions. In this publication, there are case studies of utilization from Asia, Europe and Latin America. Thailand is one of the largest producers of canned tuna and the by-products are mainly utilized as tuna meal, tuna oil and tuna soluble concentrate. In the Philippines, most of the canning industry by-products are converted to tuna meal, but black meat is also canned and exported to neighboring countries. Edible tuna by-products from the fresh/chilled tuna sector, like heads and fins, are used for making soup locally and visceral o rgans are utilized to make a local delicacy or for fish sauce production. Scrape meat and trimmings are also used for human consumption. In Spain and Ecuador, by-products go to the fish and oil industry and the increasing demand for these commodities, due to the growth of the aquaculture industry, drives the fishmeal and fish oil industry. However, since these are used mainly as animal feeds, they indirectly contribute to food production.