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Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetEvaluation reportEvaluation of FAO’s contributions to Sustainable Development Goal 2
Legal and parliamentarian work on food and nutrition security
2021Also available in:
No results found.Meeting the SDG 2 targets to eradicate hunger and malnutrition requires transformational change to policy, legislation and institutional frameworks. Parliaments, therefore, have a vital role to play in establishing the legislative and institutional frameworks needed to foster legislation that will spur policy on and investment in agriculture, food systems and nutrition. This review provides a critical analysis of how FAO’s legal and parliamentarian work on food and nutrition security (FNS) is enhancing its efforts to support countries in achieving the SDG 2 goals. FAO has been working with national and regional parliamentarians to promote participatory processes that formulate and enact laws on FNS. It has promoted the creation of Parliamentary Fronts Against Hunger, putting the Right to Food high on the political agenda. FAO has taken a twopronged approach to its work: i) supporting the formulation of framework FNS laws that legislate for several sectors more generally and ii) supporting specific sectoral legislation to address certain aspects in more detail. Thus, FAO’s legislative work is not only linked to SDG 2, but has positive ramification for other SDGs. The review recommends that FAO strengthen its legal and parliamentary capacity with additional financial resources and qualified personnel. It also suggests that FAO could do more to support the monitoring and implementation of laws and policies, become more involved in the process of regulation, as well as in the communication and dissemination of laws and policies, and become more involved in establishing observatories to monitor progress on the Right to Food and FNS. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetEvaluation reportEvaluation of FAO’s contributions to Sustainable Development Goal 2
Support to agricultural investment
2021Also available in:
No results found.Agricultural investment is key to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG 2). This study – part of the evaluation of the role of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in supporting SDG 2 – examines the FAO Investment Centre’s role in promoting agricultural investment in Africa, focusing on investment programme design and implementation. The study finds that despite an increase in lending, international financial institutions have less and less capacity to prepare and supervise ever more complex operations and are particularly short of in-country capacity. This makes it difficult to contextualize interventions for sustainability and results. In-country specialists who understand and have experience of working with farmers are therefore needed, making the Investment Centre a critical resource. Notwithstanding recent infusions of support, however, it remains understaffed and underfunded. As far as the Investment Centre’s 2018 cooperative agreement with the African Development Bank is concerned, the study finds that while the Centre has undertaken some work under the agreement, financial and political constraints may be why it has not yet gained significant programmatic traction. It also finds that the Centre’s World Bank partnership is strong, but faces a number of challenges. The Investment Centre is working with the Office of FAO’s Chief Economist to develop a programme of engagement, which will give World Bank country managers the data they need to make informed decisions on agricultural investment. The study also calls for greater FAO senior management and country office support in FAO’s interactions with the World Bank. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetEvaluation reportEvaluation of FAO’s contributions to Sustainable Development Goal 2
Farmer field schools and their derivatives
2021Also available in:
No results found.Studies and reports on the farmer field school (FFS) approach show that it develops the skills and knowledge of farmers, allowing them to create more efficient and sustainable production systems and, thus, contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). As far as SDG 2 is concerned, while there is an indirect link to targets 2.1 and 2.2, the largest FFS contributions are to be found in relation to targets 2.3 and 2.4, which focus on increasing agricultural productivity and income, and sustainable production systems and agricultural practices, respectively. The main objective of this review was to inform the SDG 2 Evaluation on the relevance and contribution of the FFS approach to the SDG 2 targets and the principles of the 2030 Agenda. It found that in addition to developing the methodology at the heart of the approach and exporting it to countries and regions to support small-scale farmers, FAO achieved significant results and brought about substantial change on various levels. The review concluded that FFS went beyond the mere sharing of information and focused more on knowledge discovery through direct experience and community co-creation. The review recommends that FAO continue its work to support national governments in scaling-up the approach while ensuring the quality of the methods. FAO should also ensure that the benefits to farmers’ empowerment continue and contribute to greater coordination and monitoring of results and progress made.
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
Also available in:
No results found.What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021. -
BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018.