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Fortalecimiento de la gobernanza sobre bioseguridad (a nivel de políticas y granjas) para hacer frente al virus de la tilapia de lago - TCP/INT/3707 (Fase 1) y TCP/INT/3902 (Fase 2)

Year of publication 2024

Place of publication Roma, Italia ;

Pages 9

Publisher FAO ;

Product type Project

Synopsis (short abstract) La aparición del virus de la tilapia de lago (TiLV) supone una amenaza significativa para la sostenibilidad de la tilapia del Nilo, la segunda especie de peces de cultivo más criada en todo el mundo. La tilapia del Nilo es una fuente vital de proteína animal accesible, supone ingresos para piscicultores y pescadores, y contribuye sustancialmente tanto a los ingresos domésticos como a los de exportación. En 2015, la producción mundial de tilapia, que abarca tanto la acuicultura como la pesca, alcanzó los 6,4 millones de toneladas, valoradas en aproximadamente 9 800 millones de USD, con un comercio internacional que ascendió a 1 800 millones de USD. Se ha señalado la presencia de TiLV en varios países de Asia, África y América Latina. Existe una fuerte posibilidad de que la distribución del virus se extienda más allá de lo actualmente reconocido, representando una amenaza sustancial para la acuicultura de la tilapia a nivel mundial. Aunque no hay implicaciones para la salud pública asociadas con este patógeno, existe un notable peligro de que el TiLV se propague tanto dentro como entre continentes mediante el transporte de tilapias vivas infectadas, especialmente en ausencia de medidas de bioseguridad adecuadas.

Language Spanish

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    Strengthening Biosecurity (Policy and Farm Level) Governance to Deal with Tilapia Lake Virus - TCP/INT/3707 (Phase 1) and TCP/INT/3902 (Phase 2) 2024
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    The emergence of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) poses a significant threat to the sustainability of Nile tilapia, the second most farmed finfish species worldwide. Nile tilapia serves as a vital source of accessible animal protein, income for fish farmers and fishers, and contributes substantially to both domestic and export revenues. In 2015, the global production of tilapia, encompassing both aquaculture and capture, reached 6.4 million tonnes, valued at approximately USD 9.8 billion, with international trade amounting to USD 1.8 billion. TiLV has been verified in a number of countries across Asia, Africa, and Latin America. There is a strong possibility that the distribution of the virus extends further than currently acknowledged, posing a substantial threat to tilapia farming on a global scale. Although there are no public health implications associated with this pathogen, there exists a notable danger of TiLV spreading both within and between continents through the transportation of infected live tilapia, particularly in the absence of adequate biosecurity measures. The economic effects of TiLV has had significant consequences in a number of regions.  In Israel, the wild catch of tilapia, primarily the Sarotherodon galilaeus species, in the Sea of Galilee saw a substantial decline. From an average of 257 tonnes per year, catch numbers plummeted to a mere 8 tonnes per year in 2008, a decline directly attributed to TiLV-induced disease.  In Thailand, TiLV outbreaks in 2015 and 2016 resulted in fish mortality rates ranging from 20 to 90 percent. Records indicate widespread deaths among farmed Nile tilapia and red tilapia hybrids. Countries that cultivate tilapia must remain vigilant and implement suitable risk management strategies, such as improving diagnostic testing for imported stocks and unexplained tilapia mortalities, promptly reporting to biosecurity authorities, conducting active surveillance, launching public information campaigns, and establishing contingency plans. These measures are crucial for mitigating the continued spread and potential socio-economic consequences of this emerging disease. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) plays a pivotal role in preventing the further spread and negative impacts of TiLV while also facilitating communication and dissemination of risks and knowledge on effective aquaculture biosecurity.
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