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DocumentThe Poultry Sector in Viet Nam: Prospects for Smallholder Producers in the Aftermath of the HPAI Crisis
Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative: A Living from Livestock
2007Also available in:
No results found.Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Type A H5N1 subtype is a viral zoonotic disease that has infected and killed birds and humans in SE Asia, Africa and Europe since late 2003. In 2006, a total of 47 countries reported HPAI outbreaks: 24 in Europe, 15 in Asia and 8 in Africa. From November 2003 to July 25, 2007 there have been a total of 319 confirmed cases in humans resulting in 192 deaths (60.2 percent mortality rate). National governments and international agencies are intensively studying meas ures to control disease spread, and among these, a restructuring of the poultry industry in a way, which threatens livelihoods of smallholder poultry producers. Unsubstantiated and reactive governmental measures against this disease can prove detrimental to the contribution of poultry farming to family livelihoods and national food security, be it either directly through loss of income-generating poultry outputs or indirectly through disincentives against traditional backyard farming, and in fav our of intensive commercial production systems. -
DocumentCommune-level Simulation Model of HPAI H5N1 Poultry Infection and Control in Viet Nam
Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative: A Living from Livestock
2006Also available in:
No results found.This report describes a farm-based disease transmission model that approximates the dynamics of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in Vietnam poultry farms. During model experimentation the impact of varying different sets of epidemiological parameters on the number of infected farms, the force of infection and on the net reproductive number within a commune were simulated. The average net reproductive number (secondary cases arising from one infected farm in a vaccinated population), Rn, in the most lenient c ontrol scenario was 2.26. Current disease control measures are predicted to significantly reduce disease transmission but do not completely eliminate the possibility for circulation of residual infection (Rn. = 1.05). A disease control optimization process which takes into account the differences in farm structure between geographical regions shows that optimal disease control policies differ, depending on local conditions. However, they also suggest that complete elimination of HPAI H5N1 from d omestic poultry in Vietnam requires high levels of vaccination coverage of S4 backyard farms, levels that are unlikely to be achievable. Therefore, more attention must be paid to early detection of infection and reduced response time. -
DocumentStrengthening Market Linkages of Smallholder Pig Producers through Informal Contracts in Northern Viet Nam
Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative: A Living from Livestock
2007Also available in:
No results found.Formal contracts with integrator companies are limited to large-scale pig producers in Viet Nam. There are, however, forms of informal contracts where smaller-scale pig producers establish stable links with their input suppliers or/and output buyers. Traders screen farmers with whom they could potentially engage into contracts. As relations become more established and stable, farmer reputation / reliability, rather than scale of production, becomes the more important consideration. Human and social capital factors of pig producers are found to be significant determinants of participation in contracts. Farmers engaged in informal contracts with cooperatives benefit from contract participation through higher average net returns per unit of output in the case they use ‘mixed breeds’ of pigs. The benefit is not clear cut with respect to the use of exotic breeds.
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