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Migration, agriculture and rural development









FAO. 2016. Migration, agriculture and rural development. Rome.



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    This report examines the complex interlinkages of migration with agriculture, food security and rural development. It does so by taking stock of the literature and the evidence from both developed and developing countries focusing on why people from rural areas decide to migrate. The linkages between migration, agriculture and food security can be direct with rural people migrating because they do not see viable options for overcoming poverty, hunger and malnutrition within their own rural communities. However, migration is complex and caused by several interrelated factors. The linkages between migration, agriculture and food security can often be indirect and realized in different contexts. The report focuses on significant effects on migration that can arise through the interactions of food security with conflict, poverty, shocks and emergencies, environmental degradation and climate change, but also through household strategies to cope with the risk of hunger and malnutrition.
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    The paper summarizes the key routes through which internal and international migration impact rural development and some of the evidence pertaining to these effects in low income countries. It concludes that, although the study of migration impacts on rural economies has come a long way from the early dual theories of development, some of the potentially more important aspects remain to be investigated systematically.

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    The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018.