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National agrifood systems and COVID-19 in Timor-Leste

Effects, policy responses, and long-term implications











 ​FAO. 2020. National agrifood systems and COVID-19 in Timor-Leste. Effects, policy responses, and long-term implications. Rome. 



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    This research describes the process of developing an agricultural drought-triggering methodology for anticipatory action (AA) within the context of Timor-Leste, an Indo-Pacific nation grappling with limited observation data. Drought is a severe and recurring natural hazard in Timor-Leste, significantly impacting livelihoods and exacerbating food insecurity due to the compounding effects of the climate crisis. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the methodology’s development, highlighting the collaborative establishment of an AA protocol with the government and the humanitarian community, spearheaded by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Government of Timor-Leste. Overall, this study aims to facilitate a transition towards a preemptive approach for disaster risk management and highlight the advances of the introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) moving forward.
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    Promoting economic inclusion of small-scale farmers through homegrown school feeding in Timor-Leste
    Supporting local agrifood systems through stable market linkages in Manufahi municipality
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    Timor-Leste is a small country located in Southeast Asia with a population of over 1.3 million people, of whom over 70 percent live in rural areas. Its territory is exposed to a wide array of natural hazards, including floods, droughts and earthquakes. The most recent estimates indicate that, in 2021, around 48 percent of the population was poor, and that the country had 22.3 percent prevalence of undernourishment between 2020 and 2022, with 45.6 percent of children under 5 years of age stunted in 2021. Climate change is expected to worsen the impacts of extreme weather, ultimately increasing poverty and inequality. In 2022, the Government of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste promulgated two decrees that established a solid normative framework to embed the homegrown approach in the Merenda Eskolar school-feeding programme, which is committed to the procurement of locally produced food instead of imported goods. This promising practice factsheet presents FAO’s efforts to operationalize the homegrown school-feeding model at local level in Timor-Leste. FAO implemented a pilot in 18 schools in the municipality of Manufahi, benefiting over 2 400 students. This intervention was part of a multicountry project on economic inclusion and social protection to reduce poverty in the context of COVID-19 implemented from May 2021 to December 2023. Among other objectives, the project aimed to increase the income and food security of vulnerable rural households and smallholders.

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