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Book (stand-alone)GuidelineGuidelines for humane handling, transport and slaughter of livestock 2001
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A joint endeavour of FAO and a non-governmental organization, Humane Society International, this publication offers guidance to the livestock slaughter industry on ensuring humane treatment of animals. This is important not only to reduce unnecessary suffering but also vital for improving meat quality and cutting down production losses. The handbook includes sections on animal stress and pain and the negative effects these have on meat quality. It lists detailed recommendations, accompanied by c olour photographs and drawings, which set out proven methods for the humane and efficient handling, transport and slaughter of livestock. Highlighting prevalent faulty methods that are objectionable on both ethical and economic grounds, it recommends sizeable improvements in the equipment and facilities used in developing countries for livestock slaughter for meat. At the same time, determined efforts are needed to educate and train livestock slaughter industry personnel to avoid negligence and economic losses. -
Book (series)Manual / guideGood practices for the meat industry 2004In recent years, public concern about the safety of foods of animal origin has heightened due to problems that have arisen with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), as well as with outbreaks of food-borne bacterial infections, and food contamination with toxic agents (e.g. dioxin). These problems have serious implications for national food safety, the development of the animal products industry and for international trade in livestock products. The purpose of this manual on Good pract ices for the meat industry is to provide updated comprehensive information and practical guidelines for the implementation of the new Code of hygienic practice for meat, when adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The publication is intended to guide managers of abattoirs and the meat industry. It will also be of value to veterinarians engaged in meat inspection, with their supervisory roles in meat hygiene. The manual is published in detachable modules and also serves as a trai ning resource.
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookLivestock transportation and slaughter practices
Practical guidelines for Asia and the Pacific region
2023Also available in:
No results found.These guidelines cover the transportation process for cattle, pigs, goats, sheep and poultry, with an emphasis on land transportation, following two guidelines on Climate-smart livestock and Backyard farming and slaughtering (FAO, 2021a; 2021b). It also examines how pre-slaughter treatment, stunning and slaughter can compromise animal welfare by exposing livestock to conditions that result in pain, fear and distress. The guidelines do not cover further processing once death has been confirmed. Live animals have been traded for thousands of years, from a simple exchange of animals between neighbours to modern trade in animals over vast distances. The nature of commercial livestock production and trade is such that livestock, at some point, undergo transportation from the farm of birth to a finishing system; to and from markets; to the abattoir or place of slaughter. Livestock production systems in Asia and the Pacific are becoming increasingly stratified, with several livestock movements or transfers between production and slaughter, however the vast majority of livestock are still farmed in a traditional manner. Reducing the number of steps and planning animal movement carefully can reduce the risk to animal health, animal welfare and foodborne disease. Reducing duration and frequency of transportation, whilst optimizing transportation conditions (and therefore improving animal welfare outcomes) will also invariably reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Transportation is potentially hazardous for animals, regardless of whether travel is between or within countries, or by road, rail, air or sea. However, there are ways in which we can identify risks to animal welfare, and suggest suitable alternative conditions which would result in acceptable animal welfare outcomes.
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
DocumentNormative documentISPM 2. Framework for pest risk analysis
Adopted 2007
2019This standard provides a framework that describes the pest risk analysis (PRA) process within the scope of the IPPC. It introduces the three stages of pest risk analysis – initiation, pest risk assessment and pest risk management. The standard focuses on the initiation stage. Generic issues of information gathering, documentation, risk communication, uncertainty and consistency are addressed. -
BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018.