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ArticlePrecipitation of lignins from organosolv and kraft black liquor of bamboo: Influence of functionality using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.In Nigeria, bamboo is underutilized, and Lignin can be extracted from these bamboos for high value-added use. In this research, the influence of Functionality on the properties of black liquor and isolated Lignin from kraft and organosolv processes using Bambusa vulgaris as biomass source were evaluated. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) was used to determine the Functionality of Lignin at different volume ratios. The characteristic bands located between 3500-3000 indicate the existence of alcohol and carboxylic groups in Lignin isolated from Ethanol, Peroxyformic, and Kraft black liquor, which resonates at almost the same wavelength. It implies that the Lignin isolated from Aceticformic black liquor does not provide any information about the secondary structure of this functional group. The Functionality of Organosolv and Kraft lignin showed that Alcohol and Carboxylic Acids, Alkanes and Alkyls, Carbonyls, Alkenes, Amide, and Alkyl halides are functional groups present with a similar structure for all the Lignin isolated from Organosolv and Kraft black liquor. These results confirmed that the underutilization of bamboo could be plunged into making value- added products such as natural polymer in transparent wood, fertilizers, drugs, resins, and adhesive formulation. Exploring these new research areas could provide potential benefits for consumers, the manufacturing industry, the environment, and the green pathway to growth and sustainability. Keywords: Lignin; Bamboo; FTIR; Organosolv Lignin; Kraft Lignin ID: 3486307 -
ArticleDiagnosing the business models of forestry cooperatives: Reflections from the tropics
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Smallholder tree growers are the backbone in securing the increasing demand of wood products in tropical countries, particularly Ethiopia and Vietnam. Cooperatives, as a form of enterprise-oriented social organization, are gaining attention in the forestry field. Forestry cooperatives act as an instrument in managing forest resources and developing rural livelihoods. However, understanding the business models of forestry cooperatives involving rural smallholders still begs for further investigation. We employed comparative analysis of two existing case studies of forestry cooperatives from northern Ethiopia and central Vietnam to diagnose their business models. The cases were purposively selected representing the well-experienced cooperatives of small-scale timber producers in both study areas. Grounded on the business model canvas framework, we systematically described the main components, such as main customers, key resources and cost-benefit structure. Data were obtained empirically through key informant interviews and complemented by institutional records. Findings portrayed the selected Ethiopian cooperative (Case 1) generally as a timber wholesaler who collected Eucalyptus poles from member farmers and sold to other traders and/or local end-users. In contrast, the Vietnamese cooperative (Case 2) served as an institutional actor and a service provider in Acacia timber value chains (VCs). Despite their different position in the respective VCs, they both played crucial roles, particularly in facilitating linkages between their members to timber markets and forest-related knowledge extension. Regardless the business environment and characteristics, their performance implied various limitations, such as shortage in innovation capability and effective cost-benefit management. We derived lessons learned from each case study and outlined recommendations for enhancing business performance of forestry cooperatives. Keywords: smallholders, rural entrepreneurship, Acacia, Eucalyptus, value chain, Ethiopia, Vietnam ID: 3485352 -
DocumentPropagation and growth from seeds and root segment cuttings of fruit tree-plus Diospyros mespiliformis (Ebenaceae) in Benin West Africa
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The aim of the present experiment was to assess effectiveness of selected propagation methods, early nursery and field performance of D. mespiliformis (Ebenaceae). For instance, effects of seed pretreatment/root segment cuttings diameter, provenance and soil types on germination and growth vigor of the species was investigated using 144 seeds/root segment; laid in 500 g of three different soil types and soaked/planted in polyethylene bags replicated four times in three treatments and laid in 4×3×3 factorial Completely Randomized Design. Emergence of radicle (days), Seedlings/Shoot Height (cm), number of leaves, and Percentage survival were recorded two weekly for a period of 7 months. Time to event seed germination/shooting data analysis, ANOVA two ways and Generalized Mixed effects Model were used to assess effects of origin, pre treatment/diameter and soil types on germination, shooting and growth of Diospyros mespiliformis. Results indicated that propagation of the species can best be done through seeds and root cuttings. The essay revealed that seeds from woodland, savannah and parkland, sowed in compost and clay and pre treated (boiled water, tegument removed) had the highest germination percentage (69.9-86.67 %), while seeds in the control (no treatment, Inundated Forest and sandy) had very low germination of 17-35 %. No seed treatment showed deficiency in the survival and germination of the seeds of Diospyros mespiliformis, while borehole water aided the survival and bring back early (rapid) germination. Regarding RSC, leafy shoots formed percentage varied from 0 % in river sand to 64.6% in clay and compost substrate after 12 weeks. Results reveal also that among the three classes of diameter, shooting height decreases from clay to sandy while the same variable move in inverse order regarding RSC origin. Keywords: Adaptive and integrated management, Biodiversity conservation, Genetic resources, Research, Sustainable forest management ID: 3477094
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