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DocumentPreserving biodiversity in a warming climate: adapting strategies in forestry and nature conservation
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.It is a challenge for today’s conservation managers to adapt their strategies to a changing climate. We systematically compiled recommendations from scientific literature reviews regarding adapting biodiversity conservation to climate change in boreal and temperate regions. Both direct (changed temperature, precipitation, sea level) and indirect effects (such as increased natural disturbances and changed land use) of climate change were considered. Most recommendations belonged to eight dominating categories: (i) Promote both connectivity that facilitates dispersal through the landscape and connectivity that maintains populations within the landscapes; (ii) Focus on certain types of sites, especially those that can act as climate refugia, since they have heterogeneous climatic conditions; (iii) Protect a few large areas rather than many smaller, since then species can to a higher extent persist within the protected areas at climate change; (iv) Consider the regional location, especially by locating conservation measures at sites predicted to become important for biodiversity in the future, such as sites located at higher elevations and closer to the poles; (v) protect areas also temporarily, as a response to extreme events or changes in range distributions; (vi) increase habitat diversity over landscapes by protecting many different habitats; (vii) mitigate habitat deterioration caused by climate change and restore degraded habitats in production landscapes, and (viii) decrease the intensity and adapt practices in forestry to climate change, for example by increasing the ecological resilience to climatic stresses.
Climate change implies that more conservation efforts are required to reach conservation goals. To protect forest biodiversity in the future, both traditional conservation strategies and strategies adapted to climate change are needed; in addition, novel approaches developed as a response to climate change will become increasingly relevant. Keywords: Biodiversity conservation, Climate change, Landscape management ID: 3621863 -
ArticleGenetic test collections of poplars in the south-eastern part of European Russia for biodiversity preservation
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The relevance of research on biodiversity conservation corresponds to the trends of ideas of the last century, summarized in the Rio Convention (1992) and subsequent international acts. The greatest problem is the preservation of intraspecific diversity. According to the chromosomal inheritance theory of Sutton and Boveri, the number of possible phenotypes of two parents is expressed as 2n,and genotypes as 3n, where n is the haploid number of chromosomes in the parents. In particular, for poplars this is ≈ 500 thousand different descendants, and the number of genotypes can be ≈ 4.6 billion. Taking into account the decoding of genome data, these values can be increased many times. In forest tree breeding researchers try to identify the most useful organisms or their aggregates from the existing varieties. Since its Foundation in 1971 the All-Russian Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology has been working to create an ex situ field collection fund of practically valuable clones, hybrids and varieties of poplars. The collections were created over the next 50 years, taking into account the recommendations of the field experience methodology. In different regions of the country the collections of hundreds clones and new hybrids in 5 locations; the variety testing sites in 15 locations; and root cutting plantations in 19 locations were created. Totally, 54.04 ha of poplar experimental objects were created in the South-Eastern part of the European territory of Russia. As a result of many years research, new varieties of poplars have been developed for plantation, protective and reclamation afforestation, as well as for landscaping in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of European Russia. Keywords: Biodiversity conservation, Genetic resources, Research, Poplar breeding, Poplar varieties. ID: 3488495 -
ArticleC.A.F.E: A multi-objective decision support system for eco-hydrological forest management that quantifies and optimizes different ecosystem services. 2022
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No results found.Sustainable forest management is a powerful nature-based solution for climate-change adaptation and mitigation. In this sense, knowledge of the ecosystem services (ES) generated by forests is essential to plan and implement efficient management alternatives, especially when resources are threatened by climate change. Even more so in forests with low timber productivity, such as semi-arid Mediterranean ecosystems, where forest management based exclusively on timber products, which is the most easily monetizable service and therefore the most attractive for companies and individuals, is not profitable. C.A.F.E. (Carbon, Aqua, Fire & Eco-resilience) is a Multi-Objective Decision Support System for forest management that quantifies and optimizes ES derived from forest management, thus paving the way to payment for ES schemes. It is based on the combination of multiple pyro-eco-hydrological processes simulated by process-based models and multi-criteria optimization with genetic evolutionary algorithms. This tool allows managers to plan the silvicultural operations oriented towards thinning or planting necessary for multi-criteria forest management, answering the following 4 fundamental questions: How much, where, when or how do I have to act? In addition, it allows to see how climate change scenarios influence silvicultural actions and the production of goods and ES. The provided results are a list of possible silvicultural actions (Pareto front), each of one, associated with the quantification of the targeted ES and compared to the base line situation. As Pareto front, all solutions provided are equally valid and none is better than the other. To select a final solution, users must establish their priorities in terms of ES by filtering the solutions with the help of an iterative visualization interface. Keywords: Sustainable forest management, Climate change, Knowledge management, Landscape management, Innovation. ID:3623151
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