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DocumentOther documentFAO-WMO Roving Seminar on Crop-Yield Weather Modelling. Lecture Notes and Exercises 2017
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No results found.Crop-yield weather modelling refers to the techniques which can be used operationally to determine the likely effect of weather on yields. Although the incidence of weather conditions on yields is well established, its quantitative assessment is not always straightforward: time series analyses of agricultural statistics show that the inter-annual variability1 of crop yields can be roughly subdivided into 3 components : trend, direct weather factors and indirect weather effects (pests, diseases, weed competition, etc.). -
DocumentManual / guideAgroMetShell Manual 2004
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No results found.This AgroMetShell (AMS) manual has been prepared by the SADC Regional Remote Sensing Unit (RRSU), Harare, Zimbabwe. This is a joint collaboration been the Agrometeorology Group, Environment and Natural Resources Service (SDRN), Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations and the SADC Regional Early Warning System. The manual is a step-by-step handbook for use in data preparation, running the water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI) water balance model, image creation and yield est imation once the models have been developed for crop monitoring and early warning for food security. -
ArticleJournal articleFAO Crop Yield Forecasting Philosophy in National Food Early Warning Systems 1998
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No results found.The paper describes the crop forecasting philosophy adopted by FAO in the ambit of national and regional food security projects in developing countries.
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Book (series)Technical studyAssessment and management of biotoxin risks in bivalve molluscs 2011
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No results found.Biotoxins produced by certain algal species can be accumulated by bivalve molluscs. This constitutes one of the major public health risks that need to be managed during shellfish production. With a view to aiding risk assessment, monitoring and surveillance programmes, this paper provides a range of information about the various biotoxins globally recorded in shellfish: levels detected, toxicological data, methods of analysis for detection and quantification of toxins, and the risk assessment ap proach for public health management. The complex chemical nature of the toxins, along with several analogues, hampers the development and validation of methods for their detection, for the evaluation of their toxicity and for the development of limits for shellfish safety management. This paper also illustrates the approach taken by the Codex Alimentarius Commission in developing guidelines for bivalve shellfish safety management and for establishing Codex standards for live and raw bivalve moll uscs. -
Poster, bannerPoster / banner / roll-up / folderThe bioavailability of cadmium and lead in soil and bioaccumulation in barley from a contaminated soil 2018
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Book (series)Technical studyA third assessment of global marine fisheries discards 2019
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No results found.This third update of FAO’s global discard estimate adopted the ‘fishery-by-fishery’ approach employed in the second discards assessment published in 2005. The update included publicly available discard data in the last 20 years to establish a baseline of a time series of global marine fisheries discards. This is essential for monitoring the status and trends of discard management, which is the first step of the ecosystem approach to fisheries management cycle. In addition, the study developed a new fisheries data table incorporating landings data from the FAO Global Capture Production dataset (FishStat J) from 2010 to 2014, which allocated the landings to over 2 000 fisheries worldwide. The current study estimated that the annual discards from global marine capture fisheries between 2010 and 2014 was 9.1 million tonnes (95% CI: 6.7 – 16.1 million tonnes). About 46 percent (4.2 million tonnes) of total annual discards were from bottom trawls that included otter trawls, shrimp trawls, pair bottom trawls, twin otter trawls and beam trawls. The study included a synthesis of estimates of bycatch and discards of endangered, threatened and protected (ETP) species. Substantial advances have been made in quantifying fisheries interactions with such species so as to make informed decisions on their protection. However, many challenges remain, especially for small-scale fisheries. The development of standardized data collection techniques, risk-based sampling and sharing of data across agencies and regions will help to identify management priorities and allow implementation and enforcement of mitigation measures. A review of previous research showed that discard practices were often related to a wide range of factors, so it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of fishery management actions on the amount and practice of discards. Many regulations are inconsistently enforced, and their implementation is often less strict than intended. Piecemeal approaches in many bycatch and discards management measures can result in unintended cross-taxa conflicts, where regulations designed to reduce bycatch and/or discards of one species or species group may increase bycatch and/or discards of another. Examination of approaches to accounting for and mitigating against pre-catch, post-capture and ghost fishing mortalities demonstrates that an understanding of the relative importance of factors affecting indirect fishing mortality is necessary for estimating total fishing-induced mortality and for designing and implementing mitigation measures.