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Indicator framework for national extension and advisory service systems

Metrics for performance and outcome measurement












Sulaiman V, R., Chuluunbaatar, D., Djamen, P.,  Grovermann, C. and Holley, A. 2022. Indicator framework for national extension and advisory service systems – Metrics for performance and outcome measurement. Rome, FAO.




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    Extension and advisory services (EAS) play a key role in facilitating innovation processes, empowering marginalized groups through capacity development, and linking farmers with markets. Advisory services are increasingly provided by a range of actors and funded from diverse sources. With the broadened scope of EAS and the growing complexity of the system, the quantitative performance indicators used in the past (e.g. related to investment, staffing or productivity) are not adequate anymore to understand whether the system is well-functioning. To enable evidence based and informed policy and investment decision for extension and advisory systems, the EAS-Yardstick (EAS-Y) has been developed through a consultative expert process. It constitutes a holistic scoring tool based on a comprehensive set of metrics that can capture all the nuances of the pluralistic EAS. Metrics are organized into two modules, related to EAS performance and to EAS outcomes, each subdivided into key EAS topics. These cover elements of the EAS enabling environment, scope and provision of services, and coordination, collaboration and learning in the system. At the outcome level, topics include the acquisition of skills, changes in behaviours and livelihood transformations. All metrics are operationalized through a scoring mechanism. EAS-Y is digitally enabled through the Kobo toolbox and is used for participatory assessments in various contexts. Assessments can support a systematic crosscountry analysis, complementing findings from more specific impact evaluations of EAS interventions or in-depth process evaluations. As such, it contributes to substantially enhance EAS system performance and outcomes by guiding investment and policy decisions.
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    Extension and advisory services (EAS) play a key role in facilitating innovation processes, empowering marginalized groups through capacity development, and linking farmers with markets. EAS are increasingly provided by a range of actors and funded from diverse sources. With the broadened scope of EAS and the growing complexity of the system, the quantitative performance indicators used in the past (for example related to investment, staffing or productivity) are no longer adequate to assess the performance of EAS systems. This operational guide meets the longstanding demand for guidance on undertaking such a comprehensive assessment of national EAS systems. It provides detailed directions on how to organize the entire process, from preparation to implementation and consolidation. Its use will help identify gaps and entry points for targeting investments and realigning policies for transforming EAS.
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    This guide is aimed to propose a holistic, systemic, and easy-to-use methodology that is multiscalar, multisectoral, and multidimensional for the M&E of public EAS systems to help identify gaps and pathways to strengthen and reform the public EAS system. It starts with analyses of the common objectives, subject, challenges, lessons learned, and prospects of the existing M&E systems and expounds on the logical framework, rationale and objectives of the proposed M&E methodology from a multistakeholder perspective. Then it proposes M&E frameworks at the national and grassroots levels following such order as the introduction, key M&E elements, indicator framework, and operational framework. Next, it looks at the issues of data sources, data collection, and capacity building, focusing on the institutionalization of the M&E system in the public EAS. Finally, it introduces the commonly used tools and methods of data analysis, focusing on the weighting of indicators, scoring methods, and integrated analytical frameworks.

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    This book tells stories. Stories from very many people. Stories of change – triggered by this complex project, Capacity Development for Agricultural Innovation Systems (CDAIS). The stories relate to changes. Personal change. Organizational change. Changes in attitudes. Changes in practice. They tell of improvements in livelihoods. But more importantly, they tell of positive and appreciated changes in individual and organizational approaches – in how people see things and do things. They give some examples of the rich learning experiences stimulated by the CDAIS project, but of course don’t show them all. Also, each is only a ‘snapshot’ – having been written and published on www. cdais.net at different times over the past 12 months, though some have been updated, others show where people were at that point in time. But they all show how competence – but perhaps more importantly – confidence – amongst those involved has changed. Though the main aim of the CDAIS project was to test how and in what ways the approach used worked (or didn’t work), how it could be improved, and in what ways the results could help donors when deciding on the design of future projects. But this is not the purpose of this book. Other publications will explain that in detail. This book just tells stories, with images and testimonies from the field. The ‘end users’, ‘beneficiaries’ or whatever other impersonal terms some in ‘development’ want to call them – the people – here, they air their views. In context. Honestly. Frankly. And, as it seems, positively. But this would not have been possible without the great efforts of very many people. First and foremost are the 40 contributors we have supported – almost all ‘national innovation facilitators’ trained by CDAIS to implement innovation in agricultural systems, to collect these stories. And we are so very proud of their achievements, and the help provided by many others within Agrinatura, national partner organisations, and others in the partnerships concerned. And even after working in rural development for 30 years, some of these experiences have moved us deeply. We are seeing real change. Of that there is no doubt. “Other projects bring us machines, but CDAIS brings us knowledge and a new way of working together” was a common thread to many of the conversations. “And thanks to that it has helped us so much. Thank you.” I visited six of the eight pilot countries during the preparation of this work, so can vouch personally, for many of the testimonies. And as for seeing the faces of those as they spoke the words that are included in the book, the photographs can’t do them justice. I saw the impacts. And now you can seen them too. Enjoy! Nick Pasiecznik, editor