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BookletGuidelineInternational Guidelines for Transboundary Shipments of Irradiated Sterile Insects 2023
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No results found.Transboundary shipments of irradiated sterile insects have taken place on a regular basis since the sterile insect technique (SIT) was first developed. Currently, this includes tephritid fruit fly pests, moths, new world screwworm, tsetse and mosquitoes. The SIT is under development for other species that may be included in future transboundary shipments. In 2022, the total number of sterile insects shipped was estimated at over 1 trillion in more than 20 000 shipments to 26 recipient countries from 14 sterile insect production facilities. During a period of almost 60 years, only very few problems associated with shipping live sterile insects across borders have been recorded. This includes one case in 2003 of non-irradiated New World screwworm that were shipped to a specific location for field release. There were no significant consequences because of the effective implementation of a contingency plan. The objective of these guidelines is to facilitate the formulation of more appropriate and harmonized regulatory frameworks for safe and timely transboundary shipments of irradiated sterile insects for SIT development and application. -
Book (stand-alone)GuidelineGuideline for packing, shipping, holding and release of sterile flies in area-wide fruit fly control programmes 2017
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This guideline is an updated version of the one published in 2007. It is aimed at providing harmonized processes involved in the handling and release of sterile insects after production in mass rearing facilities to FAO or International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) member countries that want to embark on sterile insect technique (SIT) activities. There is also increased interest by the private sector in investing in sterile insect production and/or other SIT activities, and these harmonized guide lines on the post-production phase will facilitate SIT application and foster the commercialization of the SIT. This guideline resulted from two FAO/IAEA consultants' meetings with representatives of relevant SIT programmes, the first held in Sarasota, Florida, United States of America (April 2004) and the second in Vienna, Austria (August 2005). It also resulted from an in depth review of the first edition, conducted in 2014 and 2015 by SIT program managers and scientists working with SIT techn ology. -
Book (series)BulletinIntegrating the sterile insect technique as a key component of area-wide tsetse and trypanosomiasis intervention 2001
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No results found.Tsetse-transmitted trypanosomiasis remains a major constraint to livestock and agricultural development in large tracts of sub-Saharan Africa. A wide range of methods to reduce the impact of the disease have been developed. However, the application of each of these methods has limitations, and no single technique is powerful enough to sustain freedom from disease across different agro-ecological conditions and farming systems.
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookFood loss analysis: causes and solutions – The Republic of Uganda. Beans, maize, and sunflower studies 2019
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No results found.This report illustrates the food loss assessment studies undertaken along the maize, sunflower and beans supply chains in Uganda in 2015-16 and 2016-17. They aimed to identify the critical loss points in the selected supply chains, the key stages at which food losses occur, why they occur, the extent and impact of food losses and the economic, social and environmental implications of the food losses. Furthermore, these studies also evaluated the feasibility of potential interventions to reduce food losses and waste. -
BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical studyPrecision fermentation
With a focus on food safety
2025Also available in:
No results found.The term “precision fermentation” is often used to describe specific fermentation processes for a targeted and efficient production of food ingredients. The term is increasingly used for the production of compounds traditionally sourced from animals. While such processes have been around for a while, the term precision fermentation is relatively new. However, there is no internationally agreed definition, and this may hamper communication among those wishing to discuss the processes of precision fermentation, particularly the food safety competentauthorities. A wide variety of food ingredients can be produced through precision fermentation. Identifying the general characteristics of precision fermentation production processes and the potential associated hazards can be a first useful step for competent authorities to initiate regulatory actions. To this end, precision fermentation production processes have been studied through an in-depth literature synthesis and existing regulatory frameworks applicable to precision fermentation derived food products were collected from various jurisdictions. Although the definitions vary, the study revealed that precision fermentation can be well explained by a generic production process. It was also understood that many countries have been taking a similar regulatory approach to ensure the food safety of products derived from precision fermentation. The document can serve as a reference point for countries that would like to consider adopting relevant food safety regulatory approaches for precision fermentation derived food products, from reflecting on the appropriate definitions to identifying the needs for food safety assessments and other necessary regulatory actions.