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Book (series)Report of the FAO Scoping Workshop on Regional Cooperation Programme for Responsible Aquaculture and Fisheries Development in the Central Asian and Caucasian Countries, Urumqi, the People's Republic of China, 4 - 8 June 2012 2013
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No results found.This report comprises the workshop proceedings and the strategy for regional cooperation that was developed by the participants; the latter was the principal output of the workshop. The major inputs to the discussions to craft the strategy were the country reports that described their priorities in five areas, namely research and technology development, manpower development, extension and information, management and policy; and their own assessment of their weaknesses and strengths in these area s. The deliberations on regional priorities and technical areas for cooperation and potential co-operators in each area were informed by presentations from institutions, projects and agencies that are working or have associations with either or both the Central Asia and Caucasus regions. A significant result of this process is a matrix that matches potential co-operators (provider country or institution) and hosts (recipient country) for various and specific capacity building needs, which were i dentified as common regional or subregional priorities. To start the programme, the workshop recommended seven activities that need to be initiated as soon as possible, as follows: (1) development of regional projects, organization of training/workshops, and capacity development on feed production and management on a pilot scale; (2) provision of technologies and equipment for the development and production of specialized fish feeds for different species from local raw materials; (3) training wo rkshop on project development designed to improve project development skills by actually formulating projects that are based on the identified priorities; (3) an action plan for the upgrading of national laboratories in order to comply with international standards for certification of fish and fish products; (4) workshop on harmonization of institutional management structure and legislation in fisheries and aquaculture in accordance with international fisheries and aquaculture laws/policy for re sponsible fisheries and aquaculture; (5) development of an action plan to identify activities for sharing and providing broodstock and seed material that are of high genetic quality, complemented by training on broodstock management; (6) programmes for increasing and conserving endemic fish stocks in inland water reservoirs; and (7) establishing a working group linked to the TAC (Technical Advisory Committee) of CACFish (Central Asian and Caucasus Regional Commission on Fisheries), to support th e follow-up of the scoping workshop recommendations and immediate action plans. This set of recommendations was addressed to the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and China but should also involve concerned government institutions, technical experts of governments and regional institutions in certain areas, and the CACFish. -
Book (series)Expanding mariculture farther offshore - Technical, environmental, spatial and governance challenges 2013
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No results found.This document contains the proceedings of the technical workshop entitled “Expanding mariculture: technical, environmental, spatial and governance challenges”, held from 22 to 25 March 2010, in Orbetello, Italy, and organized by the Aquaculture Branch of the Fisheries and Aquaculture Department of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The objective of this workshop was to discuss the growing need to increasingly transfer land-based and coastal aquaculture production systems farther off the coast and provide recommendations for action to FAO, governments and the private sector. The workshop experts proposed general “operational criteria” for defining mariculture activities in three broad categories: (i) coastal mariculture, (ii) off the coast mariculture and (iii) offshore mariculture. Offshore mariculture is likely to offer significant opportunities for food production and development to many coastal countries, especially in regions where the availability o f land, nearshore space and freshwater are limited resources. Mariculture is also recognized as a relevant producer of the protein that the global population will need in the coming decades. It is likely that species with the highest production today, such as salmon, will initially drive the development of offshore mariculture. Nevertheless, the workshop agreed that additional efforts are necessary to define optimal species and improve efforts in the development and transfer of technologies that can facilitate offshore mariculture development. The workshop discussions and reviews indicate large potential for the development of offshore mariculture although more detailed assessments are needed to determine the regions and countries that are most promising for development. It is also recommended that efforts be increased to farm lower trophic levels species and optimize feeds and feeding in order to minimize ecosystems impacts and ensure long-term sustainability. Similarly, risk assessme nts and/or environmental impact assessment and monitoring must always be in place before establishing offshore farms, and permanent environmental monitoring must be ensured. All coastal nations should be prepared to engage actively in developing the technological, legal and financial frameworks needed to support the future development of offshore mariculture to meet global food needs. The workshop report highlights the major opportunities and challenges for a sustainable mariculture industry to grow and further expand off the coast. In particular, the workshop recommended that FAO should provide a forum through which the potential importance of the sea in future food production can be communicated to the public and specific groups of stakeholders and to support its Members and industry in the development needed to expand mariculture to offshore locations. The proceedings include the workshop report and an the accompanying CD–ROM containing six reviews covering technical, environmental, economic and marketing, policy and governance issues, and two case studies on highfin amberjack (Seriola rivoliana) offshore farming in Hawaii (the United States of America) and one on salmon farming in Chile. -
Book (stand-alone)Genetic diversity of marine fisheries resources - Possible impacts of fishing 1994
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No results found.This report reviews the evidence for the genetic impact of fishing on marine fisheries resources. The most widely used method for measuring genetic diversity in natural populations has been protein electrophoresis; marine teleosts have levels of genetic diversity ranging from 0.0 to 18% and marine invertebrates from 0.4 to 32%. Genetic studies have shown that populations of marine species are less differentiated than freshwater species, experience temporal genetic changes, can be changed locally by pollution, and contain cryptic species. Genetic changes in populations occur through selection or drift. In natural populations fishing is a major source of mortality and is non random with respect to age and size of individuals. A common observation in heavily exploited teleost fisheries has been a decline in the age and/or size at sexual maturity. Size selective fishing would favour early maturity. However growth rate in some fishes is density dependent and increases when the stock is r educed; faster growth rates lead to a reduction in the age or size at onset of sexual maturity. Thus it is not possible to determine if the observed changes are genetic or compensatory in response to reduced stock density. Genetic drift is unlikely to be a major factor influencing levels of genetic diversity in many marine fisheries, except for some populations, e.g. giant clams, which have been reduced to near extinction levels. Some rare and endangered freshwater fishes show low levels of g enetic diversity. There is no evidence for loss of genetic diversity in collapsed stocks of pelagic species. While the stocks have collapsed from a commercial perspective most have maintained large population sizes at their lowest state. The use of hatcheries to produce seed for aquaculture and enhancement could lead to loss of genetic diversity in natural populations through escape of farm stock or inappropriate choice of broodstock. Experimental studies are required to determine the heri tability and the response to selection of life history characters of exploited species, and to determine if relaxation of fishing pressure allows the recovery of fast growing and late maturing genes or gene complexes in populations. Also it would be desirable to monitor levels of genetic diversity in recently exploited or highly exploited species. A combination of experimental and field studies would permit a more rigorous testing of genetic changes in exploited populations. If genetic change s are demonstrated in exploited species then changes to management would be needed to conserve natural levels of diversity.
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