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ArticleJournal articleC.A.F.E: A multi-objective decision support system for eco-hydrological forest management that quantifies and optimizes different ecosystem services. 2022
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No results found.Sustainable forest management is a powerful nature-based solution for climate-change adaptation and mitigation. In this sense, knowledge of the ecosystem services (ES) generated by forests is essential to plan and implement efficient management alternatives, especially when resources are threatened by climate change. Even more so in forests with low timber productivity, such as semi-arid Mediterranean ecosystems, where forest management based exclusively on timber products, which is the most easily monetizable service and therefore the most attractive for companies and individuals, is not profitable. C.A.F.E. (Carbon, Aqua, Fire & Eco-resilience) is a Multi-Objective Decision Support System for forest management that quantifies and optimizes ES derived from forest management, thus paving the way to payment for ES schemes. It is based on the combination of multiple pyro-eco-hydrological processes simulated by process-based models and multi-criteria optimization with genetic evolutionary algorithms. This tool allows managers to plan the silvicultural operations oriented towards thinning or planting necessary for multi-criteria forest management, answering the following 4 fundamental questions: How much, where, when or how do I have to act? In addition, it allows to see how climate change scenarios influence silvicultural actions and the production of goods and ES. The provided results are a list of possible silvicultural actions (Pareto front), each of one, associated with the quantification of the targeted ES and compared to the base line situation. As Pareto front, all solutions provided are equally valid and none is better than the other. To select a final solution, users must establish their priorities in terms of ES by filtering the solutions with the help of an iterative visualization interface. Keywords: Sustainable forest management, Climate change, Knowledge management, Landscape management, Innovation. ID:3623151 -
ArticleJournal articleAssessment of REDD+ MRV capacity in developing countries and implications under the Paris regime
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) recognized the importance of forests in combating climate change and agreed financial support for REDD+ activities in developing countries through the Warsaw REDD+ Framework (WRF). The REDD+ activities for conserving carbon stored in forests to reduce GHG emissions and to enhance the carbon sink function of forests are expected to serve as an important means of achieving the climatic goal. In this study, a set of criteria was devised to assess REDD+ Measuring, Reporting and Verifying (MRV) implementation capabilities of developing countries, which was applied to analyze REDD+ MRV levels in REDD+ countries. Based on Forest Reference Emission Level/ Forest Reference Level (FREL/FRL), National Strategy (NS), National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) and Safeguard Information Summary (SIS) the countries have submitted, 36 REDD+ countries have submitted FREL/FRL only (Group I), while five countries fulfilled WRF requirements and registered REDD+ reduction results (Group II), and six received Result-based Payments (RBP) (Group III). From the highest to the lowest, overall MRV capability was also arranged in the order of Group III, II, and I, albeit Group I or Group II is at a higher level than the other groups in some elements. REDD+ countries in the Readiness Phase (Group I) would aim to have MRV capabilities of Groups II and III to receive RBP, and international support for REDD+ MRV capacity building can enable them to do. However, in addition to the receipt of RBP, REDD+ should be reflected in the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) as consistent reduction results at the national GHG inventory level, and the advancement of REDD+ MRV is expected to be the necessary and sufficient condition for REDD+ cooperation under the Paris Agreement cooperative approach framework. For the following groups, international cooperation is essential: countries in the Readiness Phase need to be supported with the establishment of a MRV framework, which will enable them to achieve REDD+ to receive RBP and be reflected in NDCs; for REDD+ countries that have thus far met WRF requirements, the REDD+ scope needs to be upscaled to national levels and the MRV system should be further advanced to establish a cooperative approach system that can achieve more ambitious reduction targets through forests. Keywords: Warsaw REDD+ Framework, MRV; deforestation; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; Nature based solution ID: 3623893 -
ArticleJournal articleThe influence of over-mature, degraded Nothofagus forests with strong anthropic disturbance on the quality of an andisol and Its gradual recovery with silvopasture in southwestern South America
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The increasing demand for timber and non-timber products from native forests in Chile and the cattle grazing has augmented the rate of degradation of these ecosystems. This process results in the need to know which of the dynamic variables are involved in its regulation. Soil quality indicators like soil organic carbon (SOC), soil microbial respiration (SMR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), potential net N mineralization (N-min), and nitrification (N-NO), soil aggregates, and light fraction (LF), were evaluated at two different depths of the soil in Nothofagus obliqua (deciduous) and mixed N. dombeyi - N. obliqua (evergreen-deciduous) forests, where a 30- ha silvopastoral trial was established, after this evaluation, in early 2016. The SOC, SMR, MBC, N-min and N-NO were significantly higher in the N. obliqua forest than the mixed forest, 8%, 17%, 17%, 40%, 20%, respectively (p<0.05). The dry weight in soil fractions did not present differences between forest types. C and N contents in the LF (labile, un-decomposed organic matter of plant origin) were higher in the deciduous forest, 9% and 20%, respectively (p<0.05). Our results suggest that soil quality was favored by the quality of organic matter in the site dominated by deciduous species, which translates into more favorable conditions for the activity of microorganisms, nitrogen dynamic, and C and N content in the light faction. The intrinsic characteristics of the plant residues associated with higher rates of decomposition, can stimulate the activity of the biota and especially the soil microorganisms, which would lead to higher values of the different indicators evaluated. This novel silvopastoral system will likely help restore the most degraded sites through improvement of the soil quality. This kind of information allows obtaining knowledge of the forest areas and their sustainability, mainly for the planning of long-term, durable silvopastoral practices. Keywords: Forest degradation, Nothofagus obliqua, N. dombeyi, silvopastoral systems, Temperate Forest, Volcanic soil ID:3484562
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
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No results found.What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookRussian Federation: Meat sector review
Country highlights prepared under the FAO/EBRD Cooperation
2014Also available in:
World food demand has seen massive changes, including a shift from staple foods to animal proteins and vegetable oils. In the short to medium term, this trend in global food demand will continue. There will be an increased demand for vegetable oils, meat, sugar, dairy products and livestock feed made from coarse grains and oilseed meals. There are numerous mid-term forecasts for the Russian Federation’s meat sector. Most of them agree on the following trends: (i) the consumption of poultry and p ork meat will increase; (ii) the consumption of beef will decrease or stabilize; and (iii) the Russian Federation will remain a net importer of meat on the world market. According to OECD and FAO projections, meat imports from the Russian Federation will decrease from 3 to 1.3 million tonnes, owing to an anticipated growth in domestic chicken meat and pork production. The country’s share in global meat imports is anticipated to decrease from 12 percent in 2006–2010, to 4 percent in 2021. While t he Russian Federation will continue to play an important role in the international meat market, it will fall from its position as the largest meat importing country in 2006–2010 to the fourth largest global meat importer by 2021, behind Japan, sub-Saharan African countries, and Saudi Arabia. -
BookletHigh-profileFAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 2022The FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 was endorsed by FAO Council in June 2022. This new strategy replaces the previous strategy from 2017 to better FAO's climate action with the Strategic Framework 2022-2031, and other FAO strategies that have been developed since then. The Strategy was elaborated following an inclusive process of consultation with FAO Members, FAO staff from headquarters and decentralized offices, as well as external partners. It articulates FAO's vision for agrifood systems by 2050, around three main pillars of action: at global and regional level, at country level, and at local level. The Strategy also encourages key guiding principles for action, such as science and innovation, inclusiveness, partnerships, and access to finance.