No Thumbnail Available

Packaging, storage and distribution of processed milk,

Year of publication 1978

Pages 80

Author Animal Production and Health Division

Product type Book (stand-alone)

Category Technical study

ISBN 9251005664

Series title FAO Animal Production and Health Paper

Series number 0254-6019

Edition 1

Synopsis (short abstract) FAO has been approached on several occasions by national dairy organizations for advice on systems of processing, packaging and distributing liquid milk likely to be the most suitable for the conditions in the country concerned. In such cases the authorities normally have a primary objective of making a supply of milk available to all sections of the community particularly in urban areas. A fundamental requirement for a public liquid milk supply is that it. will be safe, that is. it will not b e a medium for the transmission of organisms responsible for human disease. For this some form of heat treatment is essential. Pasteurization meets this requirement and indeed should be regarded as a basic process whatever the final product. Several well-established systems for packaging and, distributing pasteurized milk are in widespread use and are analysed in the following Chapters. Where the marketing requirements are such that an extended shelf life is necessary, for example, because the c onsumer is located far away or greater flexibility in marketing arrangements in essential. the alternative processes of in-bottle sterilization or ultra-high-temperature treatment (UHT) are in use. These processes involve special methods of packaging and in analysing the costs of these the coat of the appropriate heat treatment has also been included. Little Information on relative costs of different packaging and distribution systems for liquid milk is available, making the task of selection difficult. This publication attempts to simplify the problem by providing relevant data and methods of evaluation which could be of help In planning appropriate marketing strategies. Wealthy consumers are usually willing to pay more in return for better services - longer shelf life, more hygienic and convenient packaging - even though the basic nutritional value of the product does not change with price. A consumer with low income cannot afford luxuries and must give preference to low-cost produ cts. This may mean that he is denied a supply of safe milk unless provision Is made to meet his special needs. It may be that in come markets the milk plant should cater for different types of demand: In others only one system, probably the cheapest, could be justified. A preliminary market survey should provide the necessary indications. It should be clearly seen that local milk production cannot develop unless prices to producers are remunerative. A policy of attractive producer prices in co untries where the majority of the population is rural benefits more people than a policy of low consumer prices in urban areas. Milk is an expensive commodity and consumption of milk sold commercially at prices reflecting the true costs of production. processing and distribution in urban areas Is limited in most developing countries to consumers

Language English

Also available in:
No results found.

Related items

Showing items related by metadata.

  • No Thumbnail Available
    Book (stand-alone)
    Technical study
    Solar energy in small-scale milk collection and processing 1983
    Also available in:
    No results found.
    In most developing countries nutrition of the human population is a problem of great concern. In many cases it is a problem which is becoming more difficult because populations are increasing for various social and medical reasons. Milk is fundamental in human nutrition. It is the neonatal food of all mammal species and man is fortunate in that the milk of many domesticated animals can be used as an important part of his diet throughout life. Milk is a perishable foodstuff because it is an exc ellent medium for the growth of microorganisms which cause spoilage. This can be countered by various conservation processes, some traditional, and some developed by modern technology. Even at a very modest scale of operations these processes need energy. Energy from conventional sources is becoming increasingly expensive, adding to the difficulty of promoting milk collection and processing projects in developing countries. Such countries, however, usually have a wealth of solar energy which is free and inexhaustible. The cost of such energy is that required only for the apparatus necessary to collect and transform it. This book explores the possibilities of applying solar energy to small-scale milk projects. It suggests simple processing technologies which will readily be understood by those who may have social or administrative responsibilities for the well-being of a less affluent population. It also outlines the problems of harnessing solar energy and provides the necessary backg round information for those expert in this field. These problems are such that the schemes suggested must be limited to a maximum of 1 600 litres per day and thus would be applicable primarily to village communities. It is probable that this is the scale where new effort is needed and can be of the greatest benefit to the country concerned. It is hoped that this publication will interest those concerned with promoting milk production, collection and processing schemes in developing countries a nd that the information presented will help in establishing pilot development projects, possibly with external financial and technical assistance.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Book (stand-alone)
    Technical book
  • Thumbnail Image
    Book (stand-alone)
    Technical book
    Meat processing technology for small- to medium-scale producers 2007
    Also available in:
    Over the next decade there will be an increase in global meat production from the current annual production of 267 million tons in 2006 to nearly 320 million tons by 2016. Almost exclusively, developing countries will account for the increase. The greater demand for meat output will be met by a further shift away from pastoral systems to intensive livestock production systems. As these systems cannot be expanded indefinitely due to limited feed availability and for environmental reasons, other m easures must be taken to meet the growing demand. The only possible alternatives are making better use of the meat resources available and reducing waste of edible livestock parts to a minimum. This is where meat processing plays a prominent role. It fully utilizes meat resources, including nearly all edible livestock parts for human food consumption. This practical and easy to understand manual is intended for meat processors in developing countries, in particular those who want to improve thei r existing manufacturing methods and anyone who is interested in entering this specific food sector, as well as for teaching purposes. It is a comprehensive compendium on all important topics relevant to the small- to medium-size meat processing sector, with more that 400 colour photographs, drawings and graphs. The manual also includes a series of practical topics which are important in meat processing but which are usually not sufficiently referred to or not found at all in meat processing han dbooks. This includes the handling and maintenance of equipment and tools, workers' appliances, workers' safety in using equipment and tools, meat processing under basic conditions, traditional meat drying, preparation of natural sausage casings from intestines of slaughter animals, the comprehensive listing and description of nonmeat ingredients, the manufacturing of meat products with high levels of extenders and fillers, as well as sources and processing technologies for animal fats in meat p roduct manufacturing, providing much-needed practical advice towards product diversification.
Show more

Users also downloaded

Showing related downloaded files

  • Thumbnail Image
    Book (stand-alone)
    Technical book
    The future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
    Also available in:
    No results found.
    What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Book (series)
    Technical report
    Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting on Tropane Alkaloids
    30 March – 3 April 2020
    2020
    Also available in:
    No results found.
    Between March and April 2019, many cases of suspected food poisoning were reported by health care workers in the Karamoja region of the Republic of Uganda. Consumption of food products that had high levels of tropane alkaloids was identified as the cause. This group of compounds occur in several plant genera that belong to the Solanaceae family and can contaminate staples like cereals and grains. Given the absence of international guidance and regulations, a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting on Tropane Alkaloids was convened remotely between 30 March – 3 April 2020. This publication captures the discussions of the expert meeting and provides risks assessments of tropane alkaloids (hyoscyamine and scopolamine) as well as recommendations outlining appropriate risk management options.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Document
    Other document
    Benzoic acid and its salts - Chemical and Technical Assessment (CTA). 92nd JECFA 2022
    Also available in:
    No results found.
    This Chemical and Technical Assessment (CTA) summarizes the information on benzoic acid (INS No. 210) and its salts such as sodium benzoate (INS No. 211), potassium benzoate (INS No. 212) and calcium benzoate (INS No. 213) that are synthetic antimicrobial preservatives.
Show more