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Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetBrochureSmall ruminant value chain analysis for Bosnia and Herzegovina 2025
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No results found.This report explores the stability of sheep and goat farming in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which remains vital for rural livelihoods, traditional practices, and food security. Despite stable livestock numbers, the sector faces inefficiencies in production, limited market access, and informality. Low domestic consumption of small ruminant products further limits growth. The report identifies opportunities to enhance productivity through breed improvement, better farm management practices, formalized contracts, and value-added products like speciality cheeses. Aligning with European Union standards is highlighted as essential for accessing lucrative export markets. Recommendations include improving infrastructure, strengthening advisory services, supporting collective action among farmers, and leveraging IPARD funding. By addressing these challenges and capitalizing on its strengths, Bosnia and Herzegovina can foster a competitive and sustainable small ruminant sector. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetBrochureSmall ruminant value chain analysis for Albania 2025
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No results found.This report examines the critical role of sheep and goats in Albania's rural economy, food security, and cultural heritage. Despite their importance, the sector has faced a significant 20.9 percent decline in livestock numbers between 2015 and 2021, driven by challenges such as low productivity, informal markets, labour shortages, and limited financial resources. The report highlights Albania’s high domestic consumption of small ruminant products and its potential to develop niche markets for premium cheeses and lamb. It also underscores the need to align with European Union standards to access broader markets. Key recommendations include improving farm management practices, modernizing infrastructure, strengthening farmer-processor relationships, and leveraging European Union funding opportunities. By addressing these constraints and fostering innovation, Albania can revitalize its small ruminant sector to ensure sustainable growth, competitiveness, and resilience. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetBrochureSmall ruminant value chain analysis for Montenegro 2025
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No results found.This reports highlights the strategic importance of sheep and goat farming in sustaining rural livelihoods, preserving cultural traditions, and supporting food security in Montenegro. While livestock numbers have remained relatively stable, challenges such as limited financial resources, labour shortages, and climate change impacts hinder sectoral growth. The report emphasizes Montenegro’s potential to develop niche markets for artisanal cheeses and speciality meats by leveraging its unique geography and biodiversity. Recommendations include modernizing infrastructure, promoting collective action among farmers, enhancing advisory services, and aligning with European Union standards to access high-value markets. By integrating small ruminant farming with agrotourism initiatives and adopting sustainable practices, Montenegro can strengthen its small ruminant sector while contributing to rural development.
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BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
BookletHigh-profileFAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 2022The FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 was endorsed by FAO Council in June 2022. This new strategy replaces the previous strategy from 2017 to better FAO's climate action with the Strategic Framework 2022-2031, and other FAO strategies that have been developed since then. The Strategy was elaborated following an inclusive process of consultation with FAO Members, FAO staff from headquarters and decentralized offices, as well as external partners. It articulates FAO's vision for agrifood systems by 2050, around three main pillars of action: at global and regional level, at country level, and at local level. The Strategy also encourages key guiding principles for action, such as science and innovation, inclusiveness, partnerships, and access to finance.
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.