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Book (stand-alone)Dairy development in Kazakhstan
Dairy Reports
2011Also available in:
No results found.The Republic of Kazakhstan is the world’s ninth largest country and has one of its fastest growing economies, based largely on oil and gas production and mineral extraction. Per capita gross domestic product (GDP) increased from USD 1 260 in 2000 to USD 6 140 in 20081, with agriculture contributing 6.2 percent, services 51.9 percent and industry 41.9 percent2. The share of livestock production within agriculture’s 6.2 percent of GDP is increasing steadily, and currently stands at 45 percent, o f which the dairy sector contributes 38 percent and other livestock sectors 62 percent. With 47 percent of the total population living in rural areas, where many lack access to cropland but can send their livestock to communal pastures, it is clear that livestock plays a major role in the livelihood strategies of the population Kazakhstan has a continental climate, with hot dry summers and cold to extremely cold winters. Most areas outside the mountainous east, south and north are semi-arid to arid. Of the country’s land area, 69 percent is classified as rangeland, consisting of deserts, semi-deserts and steppes. Arable land covers only 11 percent and agricultural production is possible only with irrigation. The water for this comes from neighbouring countries, and is governed by bilateral and regional agreements; there is increasing tension over water-related issues in the region. Irrigated agriculture is mainly in the south; with the north depending on dryland farming and large-s cale intensive livestock production. During the Soviet years, wheat production and dairying in central parts of the country depended on high levels of external inputs, and this region is now used for extensive livestock production systems based on natural pastures for grazing and hay production. The end of the Soviet era brought major changes to the agriculture sector, which is still adjusting. The following chapter explains the effects of these changes on modes of producing, processing and ma rketing dairy products in Kazakhstan. It also describes Government policies for dairy development, which have recently been gathered into a Dairy Development Master Plan. This review is a follow-up to and utilizes information and findings from a dairy subsector study prepared by the FAO Investment Centre as part of a series of four subsector studies (FAO TCIN, 2010). This review summarizes the findings from the subsector study and provides additional information on the development of the dairy sector including camels/ mares milk production and the agro-ecological, social and institutional environment. The review concludes with the author’s views on the way forward for the Kazakhstan dairy sector. -
Journal, magazine, bulletinDairy Market Review - Overview of global dairy market developments in 2018
mrt/19
2019Also available in:
No results found.Global milk output in 2018 is estimated at 842 million tonnes, an increase of 2.2 percent from 2017, driven by production expansions in India, Turkey, the EU, Pakistan, the United States and Argentina, but partially offset by declines in China and Ukraine, among few others. This increase has come about as a result of higher dairy herd numbers along with improvements to milk collection processes (India and Pakistan), efficiency improvements in integrated dairy production systems (Turkey), increased yield per cow (the EU and the United States) and enhanced utilization of idle capacity and higher demand from the processing sector and imports (Argentina). Milk output declines largely stemmed from industrial restructuring processes and downscaling of small-scale farms (China) and reduced producer margins and farm gate prices (Ukraine). Across the regions, Asia registered the highest milk output expansion by volume in 2018, followed Europe, North America. Milk output expanded in all other regions too, but by smaller volumes. World exports of dairy products expanded to 75 million tonnes (in milk equivalents), an increase of 2.1 million tonnes, or 2.9 percent from 2017, principally coming from the United States and Argentina, but also India, Uruguay, and Mexico. By contrast, exports declined in a number of countries, in particular in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Across the main dairy products, in 2018, SMP registered the highest export expansion (+8.6 percent), followed by butter (+7.5 percent), WMP (+1.7 percent) and cheese (+0.8 percent). As for milk powders, consisting of SMP and WMP, export availabilities were abundant from almost all major international suppliers. Large stocks of SMP, held by the EU, the United States and India, also contributed to elevate global supply availabilities. EU SMP stocks, given their age, were mostly considered less suitable for human consumption. In addition to immediate human consumption in the form of milk, powders were also in high demand from food processors and manufacturers, boosting import demand from some countries such as Mexico. Although butter exports for the whole year expanded, supplies were relatively limited in the first six months. Global supplies rose only when supplies from Oceania began entering the global markets, starting from about July, when its milk production season was in full swing. Butter import demand nevertheless was robust, especially from Asia, as urbanization, rising income and changing food habits made butter demand less price sensitive. Cheese exports expanded at a slower pace in 2018, compared to that of 2017, reflecting import cutbacks of many importers, including Australia and the United States. A robust market, however, existed for high value cheese products, boosted by rising consumer demand for specialized cheese varieties, also with geographic labelling. International dairy prices in 2018, measured by the FAO Dairy Price Index, declined by 4.6 percent compared to that of 2017, reflecting declines in prices of all dairy products represented in the Index, with the highest fall registered for SMP (-5.6 percent), followed by cheese (-5.2 percent), butter (- 4.4 percent) and WMP (-2.9 percent). The global supply-demand balances of each commodity, induced by factors discussed above, are compatible with these price movements. An additional factor that is noteworthy of mentioning on international dairy prices was the significant differentials that existed between the EU and Oceania on butter, WMP and SMP prices. Prices for butter and WMP in the EU hovered at higher levels than for Oceania, and that prices of SMP from Oceania were higher than those from the EU. Market segmentation, associated consumer preferences, reflecting geographical proximity to markets, was thought to be behind the observed price differentials across the two regions. -
DocumentThe Russian Federation: review of the dairy sector
FAO Investment Centre. Country Highlights (FAO), no. 2
2010Also available in:
In recent years, positive trends have been noted in the dairy sector in the Russian Federation. The national average milk production rose 60 percent, from 2.2 tonnes in 1997 to 3.5 tonnes in 2007. Regions of intensive production have emerged in the Northwest and Central federal okrugs, which are near centres of industrial milk processing around Moscow and St. Petersburg. These regions are characterized not only by high yields per cow but also by increasing production volumes. There has also been significant progress in smoothing out the seasonality of milk production, which has been completely overcome in some regions, in particular in the Leningrad Oblast, Moscow Oblast, Krasnodar Krai and in the Republic of Tatarstan. Both private and public investments in the sector have increased, enabling the creation of large dairy farms with modern technology. Against a background of increasing consumer demand, the milk processing industry has developed rapidly. The increase in the per capita co nsumption of dairy products, although still laging behind consumption levels in European countries, is an indicator of the high potential of the domestic dairy market.
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