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Transfer of irrigation management services

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    Book (stand-alone)
    Technical report
    Irrigation service delivery and management transfer in Central Asia, Türkiye, and Azerbaijan 2025
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    This FAO volume examines three decades of irrigation management reform in the FAO Subregional Office for Central Asia region, tracing the transition from the state-led “hydraulic mission” to farmer-based irrigation management transfer (IMT). While IMT was widely promoted as a means to improve efficiency, sustainability, and equity through water users' associations (WUAs), outcomes have been highly uneven, with successes, partial rollbacks, and even reversals.The book provides seven country case studies – Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Türkiye, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan – that illustrate these divergent trajectories. Türkiye achieved large-scale transfers but has moved toward greater state oversight; Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan established broad WUA systems yet face persistent fragilities; Azerbaijan pilots new models; Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan show how weak legal and financial frameworks can undermine IMT; and Turkmenistan retains highly centralized water management.The findings stress that lasting irrigation sustainability requires more than institutional reform: it also depends on modernized infrastructure, water-saving technologies, inclusive governance, and integration with broader strategies for rural development and climate resilience.
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    Book (stand-alone)
    Proceedings
    Irrigation scheduling: From theory to practice. Proceedings 1996
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    Technical report

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    The future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
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    What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021.
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    Booklet
    Corporate general interest
    Emissions due to agriculture
    Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
    2021
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    The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018.
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    Meeting
    Meeting document
    CASSIA GUM
    Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. (JECFA), 86th meeting, 12-21 June 2018
    2019
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