References

AFR100 Secretariat. 2017. Voluntary guidelines for forest landscape restoration under AFR100. AFR100. https://afr100.org/sites/default/files/2023-07/Voluntary%20Guidelines_English_Draft.pdf

ASWM. 2017. Wetland restoration: Contemporary issues and lessons learned. Association of State Wetland Managers. https://www.nawm.org/pdf_lib/wetland_restoration_whitepaper_041415.pdf

AURORA. 2022. Assessment, understanding and reporting of restoration activities (AURORA). FAO, WRI. [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://www.auroramonitoring.org/#/

Accountability Framework initiative. 2019. Operational guidance on environmental restoration and compensation. Accountability Framework initiative. https://accountability-framework.org/fileadmin/uploads/afi/Documents/Operational_Guidance/OG_Environmental_Restoration_Compensation-2020-52.pdf

Aguzzi, J., Thomsen, L., Flögel, S., Robinson, N.J., Picardi, G., Chatzievangelou, D., Bahamon, N., Stefanni, S., Grinyó, J., Fanelli, E., Corinaldesi, C., Del Rio Fernandez, J., Calisti, M., Mienis, F., Chatzidouros, E., Costa, C., Violino, S., Tangherlini, M., & Danovaro, R. 2024. New technologies for monitoring and upscaling marine ecosystem restoration in deep-sea environments. Engineering, Volume 34, Pages 195-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2023.10.012

Akhtar-Khavari, A., & Richardson, B. J. 2017. Ecological restoration and the law: Recovering nature’s past for the future. Griffith Law Review, 26(2), 147–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/10383441.2017.1366289

Alexander, S., Aronson, J., Whaley, O., & Lamb, D. 2016. The relationship between ecological restoration and the ecosystem services concept. Ecology and Society, 21(1), Article 34. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08288-210134

Allen, C., Metternicht, G., Verburg, P., Akhtar-Schuster, M., Inacio da Cunha, M., & Sanchez Santivañez, M. 2020. Delivering an enabling environment and multiple benefits for land degradation neutrality: Stakeholder perceptions and progress. Environmental Science Policy; 114:109-118. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PM C7422898/

Alliance Bioversity International & CIAT. undated. Cacao diversity. [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://cacaodiversity.org/

Alliance Bioversity International & CIAT. undated. Diversity for restoration (D4R). [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://www.diversityforrestoration.org/

Atkinson S., Esters N., Farmer G., Lawrence K., McGilvray F. 2011. The Seascapes Guidebook: How to select, develop and implement seascapes. Conservation International. https://coraltriangleinitiative.org/sites/default/files/resources/CI_Seascapes_Guidebook_select_develop_implement_sea scapes.pdf

Atkinson, J., & Bonser, S. P. 2020. “Active” and “passive” ecological restoration strategies in meta-analysis. Restoration Ecology Volume28, Issue5, Page 1032-1035. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13229

BGCI, CIFOR-ICRAF, Ecosia, the IUCN SSC, the Plan Vivo Foundation, Reforest’Action, SER, 1t.org. 2024. The global biodiversity standard. [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://www.biodiversitystandard.org/

BGCI. 2012. Ecological restoration alliance (ERA) of botanic gardens. [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://www.bgci.org/our-work/networks/era/

Beatty, C.R., Cox, N. A., and M. E. Kuzee . 2018. Biodiversity guidelines for forest landscape restoration opportunities assessments: First edition. IUCN. https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/fi les/documents/2018-022-En.pdf

Beatty, C.R., Raes, L., Vogl, A.L., Hawthorne, P.L., Moraes, M., Saborio, J.L. and Meza Prado, K. 2018. Landscapes, at your service: Applications of the restoration opportunities optimization tool (ROOT). IUCN. https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/fil es/documents/2018-031-En.pdf

Beeston, M., Cameron, C., Hagger, V., Howard, J., Lovelock, C., Sippo, J., Tonneijk, F., van Bijsterveldt, C. and van Eijk, P. (Editors). 2023. Best practice guidelines for mangrove restoration. nan. https://www.mangrovealliance.org/best-practice- guidelines-for-mangrove-restoration/

Bell-James, J., Foster, R., Shumway, N., Lovelock, C. E., Villarreal-Rosas, J., Brown, C. J., Andradi-Brown, D. A., Saunders, M. I., Waltham, N. J., & Fitzsimons, J. A. 2024. The global biodiversity framework’s ecosystem restoration target requires more clarity and careful legal interpretation. Nature Ecology & Evolution 8, 840–841. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-024-02389-6

Bennett, N. J., Dodge, M., Akre, T. S., Canty, S. W. J., Chiaravalloti, R., Dayer, A. A., Deichmann, J. L., Gill, D., McField, M., McNamara, J., Murphy, S. E., Nowakowski, A. J., & Songer, M. 2022. Social science for conservation in working landscapes and seascapes. Frontiers in Conservation Science Vol 3:954930. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074238

Besseau, P., Graham, S., & Christophersen, T. (Eds.). 2018. Restoring forests and landscapes: The key to a sustainable future. Global Partnership on Forest and Landscape Restoration. https://www.iufro.org/publications/joint-publications/article/2018/08/28/restoring-forests-and-landscapes-the-key-to-a-sustainable-future/

Bianco, G., Manning, P. & Schleuning, M. 2024. A quantitative framework for identifying the role of individual species in nature’s contributions to people. Ecology Letters, 27, e14371. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.14371

BirdLife International, Wetlands International. undated. Critical site network. [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://criticalsites.wetlands.org/en/sites?filter=iba&zoom=3&lat=-8.664523972355594&lng=102.78396606445314&view=map

Bowden-Kerby, A. 2023. Coral-focused climate change adaptation and restoration based on accelerating natural processes: Launching the “reefs of hope” paradigm. Oceans 2023, 4(1), 13-26. https://www.mdpi.com/2673-1924/4/1/2

Brancalion, P. H. S., & Chazdon, R. L. 2017. Beyond hectares: Four principles to guide reforestation in the context of tropical forest and landscape restoration. Restoration Ecology Volume25, Issue4, Pages 491-496. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/rec.12519

Brancalion, P. H. S., Pugliese de Siqueira, L., Amazonas, N. T., Rizek, M. B., Mendes, A. F., Santiami, E. L., Rodrigues, R. R., Calmon, M., Benini, R., Tymus, J. R. C., Holl, K. D., & Chaves, R. B. 2022. Ecosystem restoration job creation potential in Brazil. People and Nature. DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10370

Brancalion, P.H.S., Holl, K.D. 2020. Guidance for successful tree planting initiatives. Journal of Applied Ecology, 57: 2349–2361. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/1365-2664.13725

Brierley, G., & Fryirs, K. 2022. Truths of the riverscape: Moving beyond command-and-control to geomorphologically informed nature-based river management. Geoscience Letters 9:14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-022-00223-0

CBD & SER. 2019. A companion to the short-term action plan on ecosystem restoration - resources, case studies, and biodiversity considerations in the context of restoration science and practice. CBD Secretariat and Society for Ecological Restoration. https://www.cbd-feri.org/staper

CBD, Subsidiary Body on Implementation. 2024. Information Document 13 (CBD/SBI/4/INF/13). Montreal.

CBD. 2016. Biodiversity and the 2030 agenda for sustainable development: Technical note. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Montreal. https://www.cbd.int/development/doc/biodiversity-2030-agenda-technical-note-en.pdf

CBD. 2020. Global Biodiversity Outlook 5. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Montreal. cbd.int/gbo/gbo5/publication/gbo-5-en.pdf

CBD. 2024. Introductory sections of the GBF. Montreal. https://www.cbd.int/gbf/introduction

CBD. n.d. Monitoring and reporting suggestions for Target 2 of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework: A contribution of the task force on monitoring of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Montreal. https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/faoweb/NFM/UNDecade_Target2_Monitoring_Mergeddocument.pdf#page=4.11

CCNet. 2017. Healthy country planning. [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://www.ccnetglobal.com/resource/healthy-country-planning-2/

CIFOR-ICRAF, IUCN, & CGIAR. 2016. Participatory monitoring and forest restoration. CIFOR, IUCN, CGIAR. https://www.cifor.org/knowledge/publicati on/6284/

CIFOR-ICRAF. 2021. Global tree knowledge platform. [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://worldagroforestry.org/tree-knowledge

CIFOR-ICRAF. 2023. The land degradation surveillance framework (LDSF). [Cited 13 September 2024]. http://landscapeportal.org/blog/2015/03/25/the-land-degradation-surveillance-framework-ldsf/

Cambridge Conservation Initiative. 2018. Restoration evidence portal. [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://www.endangeredlandscapes.org/restoration-evidence/

Carver, S., Convery, I., Hawkins, S., Beyers, R., Eagle, A., Kun, Z., Van Maanen, E., Cao, Y., Fisher, M., Edwards, S. R., Nelson, C., Gann, G. D., Shurter, S., Aguilar, K., Andrade, A., Ripple, W. J., Davis, J., Sinclair, A., Bekoff, M., Noss, R., Foreman, D., Pettersson, H., Root-Bernstein, M., Svenning, J.-C., Taylor, P., Wynne-Jones, S., Featherstone, A. W., Fløjgaard, C., Stanley-Price, M., Navarro, L. M., Aykroyd, T., Parfitt, A., & Soulé, M. 2021. Guiding principles for rewilding. Conservation Biology; 35: 1882−1893. https://doi.org/10.1002/cobi.13730

Chazdon, R. L., Falk, D. A., Banin, L. F., Wagner, M., Wilson, S. J., Grabowski, R. C., & Suding, K. N. 2021. The intervention continuum in restoration ecology: Rethinking the active–passive dichotomy. Restoration Ecology e13535. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13535

Claes, J., Hopman, D., Jaeger, G., & Rogers, M. 2022. Blue carbon: The potential of coastal and oceanic climate action. Nature-based climate solutions in the world’s oceans can play an important role in conservation and carbon abatement efforts worldwide. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/business%20functions/sustainability/our%20insights/blue%20carbon%20the%20potential%20of%20coastal%20and%20oceanic%20climate%20action/blue-carbon-the-potential-of-coastal-and-oceanic-climate-action-vf.pdf

Cliquet, A., Telesetsky, A., Akhtar-Khavari, A. and Decleer, K. 2022. Upscaling ecological restoration: Toward a new legal principle and protocol on ecological restoration in international law. Restoration Ecology, 30: e13560. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13560

Cliquet, A., Telesetsky, A., Akhtar-Khavari, A. and Decleer, K. 2022. Upscaling ecological restoration: Toward a new legal principle and protocol on ecological restoration in international law. Restoration Ecology, 30: e13560. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13560

Conservation International. 2022. Tree restoration monitoring framework — field test edition. Conservation International. https://www.conservation.org/projects/tree-restoration-monitoring-framework-field-test-edition

Conservation Measures Partnership. 2004. Open standards for the practice of conservation. [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://conservationstandar ds.org/about/

Convention on Wetlands. 2021. Global guidelines for peatland rewetting and restoration: Ramsar technical report no. 11. Secretariat of the Convention on Wetlands. https://www.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/documents/library/rtr11_peatland_rewetting_restoration_e.pdf

Convention on Wetlands. 2021. Global wetland outlook: Special edition 2021. Secretariat of the Convention on Wetlands. https://www.global-wetland-outlook.ramsar.org/outlook

Convention on Wetlands. 2024. Scaling up wetland conservation and restoration to deliver the Kunming-Montreal global biodiversity framework. Secretariat of the Convention on Wetlands. https://www.ramsar.org/document/scaling-wetland-conservation-restoration-deliver-kunming-montreal- global-biodiversity

Convention on Wetlands. n.d. Wetlands restoration: Unlocking the untapped potential of the earth’s most valuable ecosystem. Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. https://www.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/documents/library/factsheet_wetland_restoration_general_e_0.pdf

Cristales, R.Z., Herrador, D., Cuéllar, N., Díaz, O., Kandel, S., Quezada, J., Larios, S., Molina, G., Rivera, M., Ramírez, W.M., Jiménez, A., Flores, E., Chuaire, M.F., Lomeli, L.G., and Vergara, W. 2017. Sustainability index for landscape restoration. WRI. https://files.wri.org/s3fs-public/sustainability-index -landscape-restoration.pdf

Critchley, M., Syder, G., Mills, J., Pohnke, C., Ghali, C., Sourzac-Lami, C., Bradfer-Lawrence, T., Hammer-Monart, J., Berry, A., Miles, L. & Field, R. 2021. Climate change mitigation in the endangered landscape programme: Guidance and tool protocols, measuring the climate change mitigation potential of the endangered landscape programme. UNEP, Nairobi. https://www.endangeredlandscapes.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Natural-Climate-Solutions_Protocol-and-Guidance.pdf

Critchley, W., Harari, N., & Mekdaschi-Studer, R. 2021. Restoring life to land: The role of sustainable land management in ecosystem restoration. UNCCD, WOCAT. https://www.unccd.int/sites/default/files/documents/2021-10/211018_RestoringLifetotheLand_Report%20%282%29.pdf

Cupertino, A., Dufour, S., & Rodríguez-González, P.M. 2024. Chasing success: A review of vegetation indicators used in riparian ecosystem restoration monitoring. Ecological Indicators, Volume 166, 112371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112371

DEFRA. 2023. Cost-effective ecosystem restoration: Final report. Department for the Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). https://sciencesearch.defra.gov.uk/ProjectDetails?ProjectId=21250

Decleer, K. & Bijlsma, R.J. 2021. Chapter B.I: Guidance and tools for effective restoration measures for species and habitats. In: Van der Sluis, T., Schmidt, A.M. (2021). E-BIND Handbook (Part B): Scientific support for successful implementation of the Natura 2000 network. Wageningen Environmental Research/ Ecologic Institute /Milieu Ltd. https://www.ecologic.eu/sites/default/files/publication/2021/B1 _Restoriation-measures.pdf

Di Sacco, A., Hardwick, K. A., Blakesley, D., Brancalion, P. H. S., Breman, E., Rebola, L. C., Chomba, S., Dixon, K., Elliott, S., Ruyonga, G., Shaw, K., Smith, P., Smith, R. J., & Antonelli, A. 2021. Ten golden rules for reforestation to optimize carbon sequestration, biodiversity recovery and livelihood benefits. Global Change Biology, Volume27, Issue7, Pages 1328-1348. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.15498

Di Sacco, A., Hardwick, K.A., Blakesley, D., Brancalion, P.H.S., Breman, E., Rebola, L.C., Chomba, S., Dixon, K., Elliott, S., Ruyonga, G., Shaw, K., Smith, P., Smith, R.J., & Antonelli, A. 2021. Ten golden rules for reforestation to optimize carbon sequestration, biodiversity recovery and livelihood benefits. Global Change Biology, Volume27, Issue7, Pages 1328-1348. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.15498

Ding, H., Faruqi, S., Wu, A., Altamirano, J.C., Anchondo Ortega, A., Verdone, M., Zamora Cristales, R., Chazdon, R., & Vergara, W. 2017. Roots of prosperity: The economics and finance of restoring land. WRI. https://www.wri.org/research/roots-prosperity-economics-and-finance-restoring -land

Dudley, N., Baker, C., Chatterton, P., Ferwerda, W.H., Gutierrez, V., Madgwick, J. 2021. The 4 returns framework for landscape restoration: UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration report. Commonland, Wetlands International, Landscape Finance Lab and IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management. https://www.wetlands.org/publication/the-4-returns-framework-for-landscape-restoration/

Durbecq, A., Jaunatre, R., Buisson, E., Cluchier, A. and Bischoff, A. 2020. Identifying reference communities in ecological restoration: The use of environmental conditions driving vegetation composition. Restoration Ecology, 28: 1445-1453. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13232

ERS. 2024. Ecosystem restoration standard (ERS). ERS [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://www.ers.org/

Edwards, A.J. (ed.) . 2010. Reef rehabilitation manual. Coral Reef Targeted Research & Capacity Building for Management Program. https://gefcoral.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=IR6CCRCqVtM%3D&tabid=3260

Edwards, A.J., Gomez, E.D. 2007. Reef restoration concepts and guidelines: Making sensible management choices in the face of uncertainty. Coral Reef Targeted Research & Capacity Building for Management Program. https://www.ncl.ac.uk/tcmweb/tmr/rrg_low_res.pdf

Eger, A.M., Vergés, A., Choi, C.G., Christie, H., Coleman, M.A., Fagerli, C.W., Fujita, D., Hasegawa, M., Kim, J.H., Mayer-Pinto, M., Reed, D.C., Steinberg, P.D., & Marzinelli, E.M. 2020. Financial and institutional support are important for large-scale kelp forest restoration. Frontiers in Marine Science, Volume 7 — 2020. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/marine-science/articles/10.3389/fmar s.2020.535277/full

Eizirik, E., Kim, J.-H., Menotti-Raymond, M., Crawshaw JR., P.G., O’Brien, S.J. and Johnson, W.E. 2001. Phylogeography, population history and conservation genetics of jaguars (Panthera onca, Mammalia, Felidae). Molecular Ecology, 10: 65-79. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01144.x

Elias, M., Kandel, M., Mansourian, S., Meinzen-Dick, R., Crossland, M., Joshi, D., Kariuki, J., Lee, L.C., McElwee, P., Sen, A., Sigman, E., Singh, R., Adamczyk, E.M., Addoah, T., Agaba, G., Alare, R.S., Anderson, W., Arulingam, I., Bellis, S.Ḵ.V., Birner, R., De Silva, S., Dubois, M., Duraisami, M., Featherstone, M., Gallant, B., Hakhu, A., Irvine, R., Kiura, E., Magaju, C., McDougall, C., McNeill, G.D., Nagendra, H., Nghi, T.H., Okamoto, D.K., Paez Valencia, A.M., Pagella, T., Pontier, O., Post, M., Saunders, G.W., Schreckenberg, K., Shelar, K., Sinclair, F., Gautam, R.S., Spindel, N.B., Unnikrishnan, H., Wilson, G.t.g.n.a.N. and Winowiecki, L. 2022. Ten people-centered rules for socially sustainable ecosystem restoration. Restoration Ecology, 30: e13574. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/rec.13574

Elliott, S. D., Blakesley, D., & Hardwick, K. 2013. Restoring tropical forests: A practical guide. Royal Botanic Gardens. https://www.forru.org/sites/default/files/public/publications/resources/forru-0000152-0001-en.pdf

European Parliament and Council. 2024. Regulation 2024/1991 of 24 June 2024 on nature restoration and amending Regulation (EU) 2022/869. nan.

Evans, K., Guariguata, M.R. and Brancalion, P.H.S. 2018. Participatory monitoring to connect local and global priorities for forest restoration. Conservation Biology, 32: 525-534. https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.13110

Fa, J. E., Watson, J. E. M., Leiper, I., Potapov, P., Evans, T. D., Burgess, N. D., Molnár, Z., Fernández-Llamazares, Á., Duncan, T., Wang, S., Austin, B. J., Jonas, H., Robinson, C. J., Malmer, P., Zander, K. K., Jackson, M. V., Ellis, E., Brondizio, E. S., & Garnett, S. T. 2020. Importance of indigenous peoples’ lands for the conservation of intact forest landscapes. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages113-168. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2148

FAO. 2014. Building a common vision for sustainable food and agriculture: Principles and approaches. Rome. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/cd7ebb4f-da7c-474d-83df-b5cc224d2ff8/content

FAO. 2015. Global guidelines for the restoration of degraded forests and landscapes in drylands: Building resilience and benefiting livelihoods. Rome. https://www.fao.org/policy-support/tools-and-publications/resources-details/en/c/449353/#:~:text=As%20illustrated%20by%20the%20rich,incentives%2C%20capacity%20development%2C%20and%20continuous

FAO. 2016. Land cover classification system: Classification concepts. Software version 3. Rome. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/bb3fe826-5869-49c1-9b3f-87a160de8403/content

FAO. 2020. Position paper on “ecosystem restoration” of production ecosystems, in the context of the UN Decade of Ecosystem Restoration 2021-2030. Rome. COFI/2020/Inf.15.2. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/5a6147f0-42d7-4009-ad45-19b6b5ec5324/content

FAO. 2020. Restoring the earth — The next decade. Unasylva No. 252 — Vol. 71 2020/1. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1600en

FAO. 2021. The white/wiphala paper on indigenous peoples’ food systems. FAO. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/3462ba89-ea23-4d49-a3bf-e64bdcc83613/content

FAO. 2022. Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security. First revision. FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/i2801e

FAO. 2023a. Enabling farmer-led ecosystem restoration: Farmer field schools on forestry and agroforestry. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc6315en

FAO. 2023b. Planning seed and seedling supply for forest and landscape restoration. Rome. [Cited 13 September 2023]. https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=998

FAO. 2023c. Taskforce on Best Practices for the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration — Capacity, knowledge and learning action plan for the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc6592en

FAO. 2024. The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Target 2: From commitment to implementation of transparent and effective ecosystem restoration. [Cited 13 September 2024]. Rome. https://www.fao.org/forest-monitoring/news-and-events/news/news-detail/The-Kunming-Montreal-Global-Biodiversity-Framework-Target-2-From-Commitment-to-implementation-of-transparent-and-effective-ecosystem-restoration/en

FAO. undated. Global forest resources assessments. FAO. [Cited 12 September 2024]. https://www.fao.org/forest-resources-assessment/en/

FAO. undated. Forest landscape restoration mechanism (FLRM) knowledge base. FAO. https://www.fao.org/in-action/forest-landscape-restoration-mechanism/knowledge-base/en/#:~:text=The%20know ledge%20base%20of%20the,a%20wide%20ran ge%20of%20aspects.

FAO. undated. Framework for ecosystem restoration monitoring (FERM). FAO. [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://ferm.fao.org/

FAO. undated. The system for earth observation data access, processing and analysis for land monitoring (SEPAL). FAO. [Cited 12 September 2024]. https://docs.sepal.io/en/latest/index.html

FAO. undated. Open Foris. [Cited 17 September 2024]. https://openforis.org/

FAO, IUCN CEM & SER. 2021. Principles for ecosystem restoration to guide the United Nations Decade 2021–2030. Rome. https://www.decadeonrestora tion.org/publications/principles-ecosystem-restoration-guide-united-nations-decade-2021-2030

FAO & UNEP. 2022. Global indicators for monitoring ecosystem restoration – A contribution to the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Rome. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/8c813ba8-377a-4c30-965f-42a62a9dd492/content

FAO & UNEP. 2024. Framework for Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring (FERM) user guide. Rome, Nairobi. https://ferm.fao.org/docs/ferm_user_guide_draft.pdf

FAO, UNEP & CBD. 2023. Partnership supporting implementation and monitoring of ecosystem restoration: Roadmap for the global biodiversity framework Target 2. FAO, UNEP & CBD. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/de643ee6-7c4f-4fc5-b78c-a96bd9c7160e/content

FAO & WRI. 2019. Road to restoration: A guide to identifying priorities and indicators for monitoring forest and landscape restoration. Rome. https://www.wri.org/research/road-restoration

Farrell, C.A., Aronson, J., Daily, G.C., Hein, L., Obst, C., Woodworth, P., & Stout, J.C. 2022. Natural capital approaches: Shifting the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration from aspiration to reality. Restoration Ecology Vol. 30, No. 7, e13613 1 of 6. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/rec.13613

Feio, M. J., Hughes, R. M., Serra, S. R. Q., Nichols, S. J., Kefford, B. J., Lintermans, M., Robinson, W., Odume, O. N., Callisto, M., Macedo, D. R., Harding, J. S., Yates, A. G., Monk, W., Nakamura, K., Mori, T., Sueyoshi, M., Mercado-Silva, N., Chen, K., Baek, M. J., Bae, Y. J., Tachamo-Shah, R. D., Shah, D. N., Campbell, I., Moya, N., Arimoro, F. O., Keke, U. N., Martins, R. T., Alves, C. B. M., Pompeu, P. S., & Sharma, S. 2022. Fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages reveal extensive degradation of the world’s rivers. Global Change Biology Volume29, Issue2, Pages 355-374. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16439

Fitzsimons, J., Branigan, S., Bruьbaugh, R.D., McDonald, T. and zu Ermgassen, P.S.E. (eds) . 2019. Restoration guidelines for shellfish reefs. The Nature Conservancy. https://www.natureaustralia.org.au/content/dam/tnc/nature/en/documents/australia/TNC_Shellfish_Reef_Restoration_Guidelines_WEB.pdf

Flanagan, S.P., Forester, B.R., Latch, E.K., Aitken, S.N., & Hoban, S. 2018. Guidelines for planning genomic assessment and monitoring of locally adaptive variation to inform species conservation. Evolutionary Applications 11(7): 1035–1052. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6050180/

Forest Declaration Assessment Partners. 2022. Forest declaration assessment: Are we on track for 2030?. Climate Focus. https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022ForestDeclarationAssessment.pdf

Frietsch, M., Loos, J., Löhr, K., Sieber, S., & Fischer, J. 2023. Future-proofing ecosystem restoration through enhancing adaptive capacity. Commun Biology, 6(1):377. https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs42003-023-04736-y

Future Earth & GEO BON. 2022. Ecosystem restoration in the global biodiversity framework: A focus on land degradation and terrestrial ecosystem restoration. nan. https://geobon.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/EcosystemRestoration_brief.pdf

GBIF Secretariat. undated. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. [Cited 16 September 2024]. https://www.gbif.org/

GIZ. 2019. Emerging lessons for mainstreaming ecosystem-based adaptation: Strategic entry points and processes. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. https://www.adaptationcommunity.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/giz2019-en-study_Emerging-lessons-for-EbA-mainstreaming_web.pdf

Gaisberger, H., Jalonen, R., Vinceti, B., Elias, M., Thomas, E., DeRidder, B., Besacier, C.,Koskela, J., DeDato, G., DiMatteo, G., Boudagher, M., Dharmawan, I.W.S., Yuskianti, V., Fady, B., Odee, D., Ping, H., Yongqi, Z., Rossetto, M., Tolentino, Jr, E.L., Warrier, R., Yasodha, R. and Kettle, C.J. 2023. Delivering tree genetic resources in forest and landscape restoration — A guide to ensuring local and global impact. FAO. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/00978863-95dc-451c-86ce-a8590ed56b2e/content

Gann, G. D., McDonald, T., Walder, B., Aronson, J., Nelson, C. R., Jonson, J., Hallett, J. G., Eisenberg, C., Guariguata, M. R., Liu, J., Hua, F., Echeverría, C., Gonzales, E., Shaw, N., Decleer, K., & Dixon, K. W. 2019. International principles and standards for the practice of ecological restoration. Second edition. Restoration Ecology 27(S1): S1–S46. https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.ser.org/resource/resmgr/publications/ser_international_standards_.pdf

Gann, G. D., Walder, B., Gladstone, J., Manirajah, S. M., & Roe, S. 2022. Restoration project information sharing framework. Society for Ecological Restoration and Climate Focus. https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.ser.org/resource/resmgr/publications/restoration-project-informat.pdf

Gann, G.D., Mosyaftiani, A., Bartholomew, D., McDonald, T., Walder, B., Young, R., Dixon, K.W. 2024. Five-star System sub-attribute Table, V1.0, for SER’s International principles and standards for the practice of ecological restoration; adapted from Gann et al. 2019, Standards Reference Group SERA 2021, Young et al. 2022, Bartholomew and Mosyaftiani et al. 2024. Society for Ecological Restoration. https://www.ser.org/page/Standards-Tools

Garnett, S. T., Burgess, N. D., Fa, J. E., Fernández-Llamazares, Á., Molnár, Z., Robinson, C. J., Watson, J. E. M., Zander, K. K., Austin, B., Brondizio, E. S., Collier, N. F., Duncan, T., Ellis, E., Geyle, H., Jackson, M. V., Jonas, H., Malmer, P., McGowan, B., Sivongxay, A., & Leiper, I. 2018. A spatial overview of the global importance of indigenous lands for conservation. Nature Sustainability volume 1, pages369–374. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0100-6

Global Mangrove Alliance. 2018. The mangrove breakthrough. [Cited 13 September 2023]. https://www.mangrovealliance.org/news/the-mangrove- breakthrough/

Global Mangrove Alliance. undated. Global mangrove watch. [Cited 13 September 2023]. https://www.globalmangrovewatch.org/?active-widgets= %5B%22mangrove_habitat_extent%22,%22mangrove_net_change%22,%22mangrove_habitat_change%22,%22mangrove_alerts%22,%22mangrove_species_location%22,%22mangrove_species_distribution%22,%22mangrove_species_threatened%22,%22widgets_deck_tool%22%5D

Global Mangrove Alliance. undated. Mangrove restoration tracker tool (MRTT). [Cited 13 September 2023]. https://www.mangrovealliance.org/news/new-the-mangrove-restoration-tracker-tool/

Global Mechanism of the UNCCD and CBD. 2019. Land degradation neutrality for biodiversity conservation: How healthy land safeguards nature. Technical report. UNCCD. https://catalogue.unccd.int/1340_LDN_BiodiversityGM_Report.pdf

Guariguata, M.R. and Evans, K. 2020. A diagnostic for collaborative monitoring in forest landscape restoration. Restoration Ecology, 28: 742-749. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13076

Halpern, B. S., Walbridge, S., Selkoe, K. A., Kappel, C. V., Micheli, F., D’Agrosa, C., Bruno, J. F., Casey, K. S., Ebert, C., Fox, H. E., Fujita, R., Heinemann, D., Lenihan, H. S., Madin, E. M. P., Perry, M. T., Selig, E. R., Spalding, M., Steneck, R., & Watson, R. 2008. A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science, 319(5865), 948–952. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20053379?origin=JSTOR-pdf

Hawkins, S., Convery, I., & Carver, S. 2024. Developing guidelines and a theory of change framework to inform rewilding application. Frontiers in Conservation Science, Volume 5. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/conservation-science/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2024.1384267/full

Hein, M.Y., McLeod, I.M., Shaver, E.C., Vardi, T., Pioch, S., Boström-Einarsson, L., Ahmed, M. & Grimsditch, G. 2020. Coral reef restoration: As a strategy to improve ecosystem services – A guide to coral restoration methods. United Nations Environment Program. https://www.icriforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Hein-et-al.-2020_UNEP-report-1.pdf

Heyde, V. M., Bunce, M., & Nevill, P. 2022. Key factors to consider in the use of environmental DNA metabarcoding to monitor terrestrial ecological restoration. Science of The Total Environment, Volume 848, 157617. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969722047155

Heywood, V. Shaw, K., Harvey-Brown, Y. and Smith, P. (Eds.). 2018. Species recovery manual. BGCI. https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-tools- and-resources/bgci-and-iabgs-species-recovery-manual/

Hickmann, T., Biermann, F., Sénit, C.-A., Sun, Y., Bexell, M., Bolton, M., Bornemann, B., Censoro, J., Charles, A., Coy, D., Dahlmann, F., Elder, M., Fritzsche, F., Galvão, T. G., Grainger-Brown, J., Inoue, C., Jönsson, K., Koloffon Rosas, M., Krellenberg, K., Moallemi, E., Lobos Alva, I., Malekpour, S., Ningrum, D., Paneva, A., Partzsch, L., Ramiro, R., Raven, R., Szedlacsek, E., Thompson, J., van Driel, M., Viani Damasceno, J., Webb, R., & Weiland, S. 2024. Scoping article: Research frontiers on the governance of the sustainable development goals. Global Sustainability, 7, e7. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/global-sustainability/article/scoping-article-research-frontiers-on-the-governance-of-the-sustainable-development-goals/0208365F96E0A9A78882DF4D740F86DA

Higgs, E.S. 1997. What is good ecological restoration?. Conservation Biology, 11: 338-348. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.95311.x

Hilty, J., Worboys, G. L., Keeley, A., Woodley, S., Lausche, B. J., Locke, H., Carr, M., Pulsford, I., Pittock, J., White, J. W., Theobald, D. M., Levine, J., Reuling, M., Watson, J. E. M., Ament, R., & Tabor, G. M. 2020. Guidelines for conserving connectivity through ecological networks and corridors. Best practice protected area guidelines series no. 30. IUCN. https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/fi les/documents/PAG-030-En.pdf

Hua, F., Bruijnzeel, L. A., Meli, P., Martin, P. A., Zhang, J., Nakagawa, S., Miao, X., Wang, W., McEvoy, C., Peña-Arancibia, J. L., Brancalion, P. H. S., Smith, P., Edwards, D. P., & Balmford, A. 2022. The biodiversity and ecosystem service contributions and trade-offs of forest restoration approaches. Science, Vol 376, Issue 6595, pp. 839-844. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl4649

Hua, F., Bruijnzeel, L. A., Meli, P., Martin, P. A., Zhang, J., Nakagawa, S., Miao, X., Wang, W., McEvoy, C., Peña-Arancibia, J. L., Brancalion, P. H. S., Smith, P., Edwards, D. P., & Balmford, A. 2022. The biodiversity and ecosystem service contributions and trade-offs of forest restoration approaches. Science376,839-844. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abl4649

ICEED. 2019. WePlan forests: A user-friendly, decision support platform for forest ecosystem restoration planning. ICEED. [Cited 12 September 2024]. https://www.weplan-forests.org/

ICRI. 2023. The coral reef breakthrough. [Cited 13 September 2023]. https://coralbreakthrough.org/

IPBES. 2018a. The IPBES assessment report on land degradation and restoration. Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3794559?v=pdf

IPBES. 2019. Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. https://www.ipbes.net/global-assessment?ct=t(Newsletter_EN_covid_Biodiversity)

IPBES. 2018b. Summary for policymakers of the IPBES assessment report on land degradation and restoration. Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.3237410

ITTO. 2002. ITTO guidelines for the restoration, management and rehabilitation of degraded and secondary tropical forests: ITTO policy development series no. 13. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO). https://www.itto.int/direct/topics/topics_pdf_download/topics_id=1540000&no=1&disp=inline

ITTO. 2020. Guidelines for forest landscape restoration in the tropics: ITTO policy development series no. 24. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO). https://www.itto.int/direct/topics/topics_pdf _download/topics_id=6511&no=1&disp=inline

IUCN. 2021. Species threat abatement and restoration (STAR) metric. IUCN. https://www.iucn.org/resources/conservation-tool/species-threat-abatement-and-restoration-star-metric

IUCN & WRI. 2014. A guide to the restoration opportunities assessment methodology (ROAM): Assessing forest landscape restoration opportunities at the national or sub-national level. Working paper (Road-test edition). IUCN. https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/44852

IUCN WCPA. 2023. Ecological connectivity: Guidance for revised national biodiversity strategies and action plans and implementation of the Kunming-Montreal global biodiversity framework. UCN WCPA Connectivity Conservation Specialist Group. https://conservationcorridor.org/wp-content/uploads/CCSG-Guidance-for-NBSAPs-and-GBF-Implementation.pdf

IUCN. 2011. Bonn challenge and New York declaration. IUCN. [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://www.bonnchallenge.org/about-flr

IUCN. 2016. The restoration barometer. IUCN [Cited 13 September 2023]. https://restorationbarometer.org/

IUCN. 2020. Global standard for nature-based solutions: A user-friendly framework for the verification, design and scaling up of NbS. First edition. IUCN. https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/49070

IUCN. 2022. IUCN restoration intervention typology for terrestrial ecosystems. IUCN. https://restorationbarometer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/iucn_restoration_intervention_typology.pdf

IUCN. 2022. Nature-based solutions in the post-2020 global biodiversity framework targets. IUCN Policy Brief. https://www.iucn.org/sites/default/files/2022-11/nbs-in-gbf-targets-brief-november-2022.pdf

International Resource Panel. 2019. Land restoration for achieving the sustainable development goals: An international resource panel think piece. United Nations Environment Programme. https://www.resourcepanel.org/reports/land-restoration -achieving-sustainable-development-goals

Jaguar 2030 Coordination Committee. 2022. Jaguar 2030 Roadmap. [Cited 16 September 2024]. https://www.internationaljaguarday.org/jaguar-conservation-roadmap

Jones, H. P., Jones, P. C., Barbier, E. B., Blackburn, R. C., Rey Benayas, J. M., Holl, K. D., McCrackin, M., Meli, P., Montoya, D., & Moreno Mateos, D. 2018. Restoration and repair of Earth’s damaged ecosystems. Royal Society Volume 285, Issue 1873. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2577

Jones, K. R., von Hase, A., Costa, H. M., Rainey, H., Sidat, N., Jobson, B., White, T. B., & Grantham, H. S. 2022. Spatial analysis to inform the mitigation hierarchy. Conservation Science and Practice, 4(6), e12686. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12686

Karimova, P. G., & Lee, K. C. 2022. An integrated landscape–seascape approach in the making: Facilitating multi-stakeholder partnership for socio-ecological revitalisation in eastern coastal Taiwan (2016–2021). Sustainability 14,no. 7: 4238. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074238

Keenleyside, K.A., N. Dudley, S. Cairns, C.M. Hall, and S. Stolton . 2012. Ecological restoration for protected areas: Principles, guidelines and best practices. IUCN. https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10205

Keenleyside, K.A., N. Dudley, S. Cairns, C.M. Hall, and S. Stolton . 2012. Ecological restoration for protected areas: Principles, guidelines and best practices. IUCN. https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/documents/PAG-018.pdf

Keith, D.A., Ferrer-Paris, J.R., Nicholson, E. and Kingsford, R.T. (eds.). 2020. The IUCN global ecosystem typology 2.0: Descriptive profiles for biomes and ecosystem functional groups. IUCN. https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2020-037-En.pdf

Kelp Forest Alliance. 2023. Kelp forest challenge. [Cited 13 September 2023]. https://kelpforestalliance.com/kelp-forest-challenge

Kindt, R., Graudal, L., Lillesø, J-P., Pedercini, F., Smith, P., & Jamnadass, R. 2024. GlobalUsefulNativeTrees: Country-specific selections of native tree species for forest landscape restoration and biodiverse plantings. CIFOR-ICRAF, BGCI. https://patspo.shinyapps.io/GlobalUsefulTrees/

Ladouceur, E., Shackelford, N., Bouazza, K., Brudvig, L., Bucharova, A., Conradi, T., Erickson, T. E., Garbowski, M., Garvy, K., Harpole, W. S., Jones, H. P., Knight, T., Nsikani, M. M., Paterno, G., Suding, K., Temperton, V. M., Török, P., Winkler, D. E., & Chase, J. M. 2021. Knowledge sharing for shared success in the decade on ecosystem restoration. Ecological Solutions and Evidence, 2022;3:e12117. https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2688-8319.12117

Ladouceur, E., Shackelford, N., Bouazza, K., Brudvig, L., Bucharova, A., Conradi, T., Erickson, T. E., Garbowski, M., Garvy, K., Harpole, W. S., Jones, H. P., Knight, T., Nsikani, M. M., Paterno, G., Suding, K., Temperton, V. M., Török, P., Winkler, D. E., & Chase, J. M. 2022. Knowledge sharing for shared success in the decade on ecosystem restoration. Ecological Solutions and Evidence, 3(1), Article e12117. https://doi.org/10.1002/2688-8319.12117

Lausche, B., Laur, A., Collins, M. 2021. Marine connectivity conservation ‘rules of thumb’ for MPA and MPA network design. Version 1.0. IUCN WCPA Connectivity Conservation Specialist Group’s Marine Connectivity Working Group. https://conservationcorridor.org/wp-content/uploads/Marine-Connectivity-Conservation-Rules-of-Thumb-for-MPA-and-MPA-Network-Design_2021.pdf

Leadley, P., Archer, E., Bendandi, B., Cavender-Bares, J., Davalos, L., DeClerck, F., Gann, G. D., Gonzales, E. K., Krug, C. B., Metzger, J. P., Nicholson, E., Niinemets, Ü., Obura, D., Strassburg, B., Tansey, B., Verburg, P. H., Vidal, A., Watson, J. E. M., Woodley, S., & Yasuhara, M. 2022. Setting ambitious international restoration objectives for terrestrial ecosystems for 2030 and beyond. PLOS Sustain Transform 1(12): e0000039. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pstr.0000039

Leal, M. & Spalding, M. D. 2024. The state of the world’s mangroves 2024. Global Mangrove Alliance. https://doi.org/10.5479/10088/119867

Lopes, C. L., Segovia, M. E., & Chiavari, J. 2023. Where does Brazil stand in the implementation of the forest code? A snapshot of CAR and PRA in Brazilian states – 2023 edition. Climate Policy Initiative. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Where-Does-Brazil-Stand-in-the-Implementation-of-the-Forest-Code-2023.pdf

Lynch, A. J., Thompson, L. M., Morton, J. M., Beever, E. A., Clifford, M., Limpinsel, D., Magill, R. T., Magness, D. R., Melvin, T. A., Newman, R. A., Porath, M. T., Rahel, F. J., Reynolds, J. H., Schuurman, G. W., Sethi, S. A., & Wilkening, J. L. 2022. RAD adaptive management for transforming ecosystems. BioScience, Volume 72, Issue 1, Pages 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biab091

MARS. undated. Mars Assisted Reef Restoration System. [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://www.buildingcoral.com/

Maes, S. L., Perring, M. P., Cohen, R., Akinnifesi, F. K., Bargués-Tobella, A., Bastin, J.-F., Bauters, M., Bernardino, P. N., Brancalion, P. H. S., Bullock, J. M., Ellison, D., Fayolle, A., Fremout, T., Gann, G. D., Hishe, H., Holmgren, M., Ilstedt, U., Mahy, G., Messier, C., Parr, C. L., Ryan, C. M., Sacande, M., Sankaran, M., Scheffer, M. S., Suding, K. N., Van Meerbeek, K., Verbeeck, H., Verbist, B. J. P., Verheyen, K., Winowiecki, L. A., & Muys, B. 2024. Explore before you restore: Incorporating complex systems thinking in ecosystem restoration. Journal of Applied Ecology, 61, 922–939. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14614

Mansourian, S. 2021. Disciplines, sectors, motivations and power relations in forest landscape restoration. Ecological Restoration, 39 (1-2) 16-26. https://doi.org/10.3368/er.39.1-2.16

Mansourian, S., & Parrotta, J. (Eds.). 2018. Forest Landscape Restoration: Integrated approaches to support effective implementation (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315111872

Mansourian, S., Derkyi, M., Djenontin, I., Elias, M., Oldekop, J., Pacheco, P., Burns, J., Diederichsen, A., Kleine, M., Vallauri, D., and Walder, B. 2024. Human dimensions of forest landscape restoration. IUFRO. https://www.iufro.org/publications/joint-publications/article/2024/04/24/human-dimensions-of-forest-landscape-restoration/

Mansourian, S., Derkyi, M., Djenontin, I., Elias, M., Oldekop, J., Pacheco, P., Burns, J., Diederichsen, A., Kleine, M., Vallauri, D., and Walder, B. 2024. Human dimensions of forest landscape restoration. IUFRO. https://www.iufro.org/publications/joint-publications/article/2024/04/24/human-dimensions-of-forest-landscape-restoration/

Maron, M., Quétier, F., Sarmiento, M., ten Kate, K., Evans, M. C., Bull, J. W., Jones, J. P. G., zu Ermgassen, S. O. S. E., Milner-Gulland, E. J., Brownlie, S., Treweek, J., & von Hase, A. 2024. ‘Nature positive’ must incorporate, not undermine, the mitigation hierarchy. Nature Ecology Evolution 8, 14–17. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-02199-2

McKenna, P.B., Lechner, A.M., Hernandez Santin, L., Phinn, S. and Erskine, P.D. 2023. Measuring and monitoring restored ecosystems: Can remote sensing be applied to the ecological recovery wheel to inform restoration success? Restoration Ecology, 31: e13724. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13724

Mendes, A., Martínez Hernández, L., Badoz, L., Slobodian, L., & Rabaça, J. E. 2023. Towards a legal definition of ecological restoration: Reviewing international, European and member states’ case law. RECIEL. 32(1): 3-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12476

Meta & WRI. 2023. Global canopy height. [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://meta-forest-monitoring-okw37.projects.earthengine.app/view/canopyheight

Metzger, J. P., Esler, K., Krug, C., Arias, M., Tambosi, L., Crouzeilles, R., Acosta, A. L., Brancalion, P. H. S., D’Albertas, F., Duarte, G. T., Garcia, L. C., Grytnes, J.-A., Hagen, D., Jardim, A. V. F., Kamiyama, C., Latawiec, A. E., Rodrigues, R. R., Ruggiero, P. G. C., Sparovek, G., Strassburg, B., Saraiva, A. M., & Joly, C. 2017. Best practice for the use of scenarios for restoration planning. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 29:14–25. https://www.iis-rio.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Met zger_et_al_2017.pdf

Milner-Gulland, E. J., Addison, P., Arlidge, W. N. S., Baker, J., Booth, H., Brooks, T., Bull, J. W., Burgass, M. J., Ekstrom, J., zu Ermgassen, S. O. S. E., Fleming, L. V., Grub, H. M. J., von Hase, A., Hoffmann, M., Hutton, J., Juffe-Bignoli, D., ten Kate, K., Kiesecker, J., Kümpel, N. F., Maron, M., Newing, H. S., Ole-Moiyoi, K., Sinclair, C., Sinclair, S., Starkey, M., Stuart, S. N., Tayleur, C., & Watson, J. E. M. 2021. Four steps for the earth: Mainstreaming the post-2020 global biodiversity framework. One Earth, Volume 4, Issue 1, 75 - 87. https://www.cell.com/one-earth/fulltext/S2590-3322(20)30657-6

Moreno-Mateos, D., Barbier, E. B., Jones, P. C., Jones, H. P., Aronson, J., López-López, J. A., McCrackin, M. L., Meli, P., Montoya, D., & Rey Benayas, J. M. 2017. Anthropogenic ecosystem disturbance and the recovery debt. Nature Communications 8, 14163. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14163

Murphy, S. E., Farmer, G., Katz, L., Troëng, S., Henderson, S., Erdmann, M. V., Corrigan, C., Gold, B., Lavoie, C., Quesada, M., Díazgranados Cadelo, M. C., Guzmán Mora, A. G., Nunez, E., Montebon, A., Meo, S., Waqainabete-Tuisese, S., Dutra, G., Pereira, R., Mongdong, M., & Putra, K. S. 2021. Fifteen years of lessons from the Seascape approach: A framework for improving ocean management at scale. Conservation Science and Practice 3:e423. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.423

My Farm Trees. undated. My farm trees platform. [Cited 13 September 2023]. https://myfarmtrees.org/

Nelson, C.R., Bowers, K., Lyndall, J.L., Munro, J. and Stanley, J.T. 2017. Professional certification in ecological restoration: Improving the practice and the profession. Restoration Ecology, 25: 4-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12484

Nelson, C.R., Hallett, J.G., Romero Montoya, A.E., Andrade, A., Besacier, C., Boerger, V., Bouazza, K., Chazdon, R., Cohen-Shacham, E., Danano, D., Diederichsen, A., Fernandez, Y., Gann, G.D., Gonzales, E.K., Gruca,M., Guariguata, M.R., Gutierrez, V., Hancock, B., Innecken, P., Katz, S.M., McCormick, R., Moraes, L.F.D., Murcia, C., Nagabhatla, N., Pouaty Nzembialela, D., Rosado-May, F.J., Shaw, K., Swiderska, K., Vasseur, L., Venkataraman, R., Walder, B., Wang, Z., & Weidlich, E.W.A. 2024. Standards of practice to guide ecosystem restoration – A contribution to the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021-2030. FAO, SER, IUCN CEM. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc9106en

Noon, M. L., Goldstein, A., Ledezma, J. C., Roehrdanz, P. R., Cook-Patton, S. C., Spawn-Lee, S. A., Wright, T. M., Gonzalez-Roglich, M., Hole, D. G., Rockström, J., & Turner, W. R. 2022. Mapping the irrecoverable carbon in Earth’s ecosystems. Nature Sustainability volume 5, pages37–46. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00803-6

Obura, D. O., Katerere, Y., Mayet, M., Kaelo, D., Msweli, S., Mather, K., Harris, J., Louis, M., Kramer, R., Teferi, T., Samoilys, M., Lewis, L., Bennie, A., Kumah, F., Isaacs, M., & Nantongo, P. 2021. Integrate biodiversity targets from local to global levels. Science 373,746-748. https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.abh2234

Orr, B.J., A.L. Cowie, V.M. Castillo Sanchez, P. Chasek, N.D. Crossman, A. Erlewein, G. Louwagie, M., Maron, G.I. Metternicht, S. Minelli, A.E. Tengberg, S. Walter, and S. Welton. 2017. Scientific conceptual framework for land degradation neutrality. A report of the science-policy interface. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). https://www.unccd.int/sites/default/files/2018-09/LDN_CF_report_web-english.pdf

Osborne, T., Brock, S., Chazdon, R., Chomba, S., Garen, E., Gutierrez, V., Lave, R., Lefevre, M., & Sundberg, J. 2021. The political ecology playbook for ecosystem restoration: Principles for effective, equitable, and transformative landscapes. Global Environmental Change, Volume 70, 102320. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378021000996

Padovezi, A., Adams, C., Chazdon, R. L., Mendonça, M. A., Secco, L., Campos-Filho, E. M., Sampaio, A., Damasceno, E., Albuquerque, N., Santarem, F., Camargo, M. E., & Pinã-Rodrigues, F. 2024. Native seed collector networks in Brazil: Sowing social innovations for transformative change. People and Nature, 00, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10692

Parks Canada National Parks Branch, & Canadian Parks Council. 2008. Principles and guidelines for ecological restoration in Canada’s protected natural areas. National Parks Directorate, Parks Canada Agency. https://parks.canada.ca/nature/science/conservation/ie-ei/re-er/pag-pel

Peddle, S. D., Hodgson, R. J., Borrett, R. J., Brachmann, S., Davies, T. C., Erickson, T. E., Liddicoat, C., Muñoz-Rojas, M., Robinson, J. M., Watson, C. D., Krauss, S. L., & Breed, M. F. 2024. Practical applications of soil microbiota to improve ecosystem restoration: Current knowledge and future directions. Biological Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.13124

Pereira, H. M., Martins, I. S., Rosa, I. M. D., Kim, H., Leadley, P., Popp, A., van Vuuren, D. P., Hurtt, G., Quoss, L., Arneth, A., Baisero, D., Bakkenes, M., Chaplin-Kramer, R., Chini, L., Di Marco, M., Ferrier, S., Fujimori, S., Guerra, C. A., Harfoot, M., Harwood, T. D., Hasegawa, T., Haverd, V., Havlík, P., Hellweg, S., Hilbers, J. P., Hill, S. L. L., Hirata, A., Hoskins, A. J., Humpenöder, F., Janse, J. H., Jetz, W., Johnson, J. A., Krause, A., Leclère, D., Matsui, T., Meijer, J. R., Merow, C., Obersteiner, M., Ohashi, H., De Palma, A., Poulter, B., Purvis, A., Quesada, B., Rondinini, C., Schipper, A. M., Settele, J., Sharp, R., Stehfest, E., Strassburg, B. B. N., Takahashi, K., Talluto, M. V., Thuiller, W., Titeux, N., Visconti, P., Ware, C., Wolf, F., & Alkemade, R. 2024. Global trends and scenarios for terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem services from 1900 to 2050. Science, Vol 384, Issue 6694, pp. 458-465. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adn3441

Preferred by Nature. 2022. Ecosystem restoration standard: A social and environmental standard for field verification of restoration. Version 3. Preferred by Nature. https://www.preferredbynature.org/library/document/preferred-nature-ecosystem-restoration-standard-v31

Preston J., Gamble, C., Debney, A., Helmer, L., Hancock, B. and zu Ermgassen, P.S.E. 2020. European native oyster habitat restoration handbook. The Zoological Society of London. https://nativeoysternetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2020/11/ZSL00150%20Oyster%20Handbook_WEB.pdf

Purandare, J., Chabaneix, N., Andradi-Brown, D.A., Bartlett, R., Abud, M., Calzada, A., Duran, C., Jacobo, P., Rakotondrazafy, J., Robaigau, A., Snyder, R., Villarreal, J., Villarreal-Rosas, J., Lovelock, C.E. 2024. The climate smart mangrove tool: Guidance manual. University of Queensland and World Wildlife Fund. https://files.worldwildlife.org/wwfcmsprod/files/Publication/file/82g6aq6l9m_The_Climate_Smart_Mangroves_Tool_Guidance_Manual.pdf

Quigley, K. M., Hein, M., & Suggett, D. J. 2021. Translating the 10 golden rules of reforestation for coral reef restoration. Conservation Biology. 2022;36:e13890. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13890

Quinty, F., M.-C. LeBlanc and L. Rochefort. 2020. Peatland restoration guide — planning restoration projects. PERG, CSPMA and APTHQ. https://tourbehorticole.com/wp-content/uploads/docs/Guide_4.1_Planning_Restoration_ANG_Web.pdf

RRC. 2023. Practical river restoration appraisal guidance for monitoring options (PRAGMO). [Cited 13 September 2023]. https://wiki.therrc.co.uk/index.php/PRACTICAL_RIVER_RESTORATION_APPRAISAL_GUIDANCE_FOR_MONITORING_OPTIONS_(PRAGMO)

Rabinowitz, A., & Zeller, K.A. 2010. A range-wide model of landscape connectivity and conservation for the jaguar, Panthera onca. Biological Conservation 143, 939–945.

Rainforest Alliance & Conservation International. undated. LandScale. [Cited 13 September 2023]. https://www.landscale.org/

Rainforest Alliance. 2021. General guide: For the implementation of the rainforest alliance sustainable agriculture standard. Rainforest Alliance. https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/resource-item/general-guide-for-the-implementation-of-the-sustainable-agricultural-standard/

Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. 2002. Principles and guidelines for wetland restoration: In wetlands: Water, life, and culture. 8th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Convention on Wetlands. https://www.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/documents/pdf/guide/guide-restoration.pdf

Reef Ecologic. undated. Reef restoration training hub. [Cited 13 September 2023]. https://reefecologic.org/project/reef-restoration-training-hub/

Republic of Korea. 2014. Forest ecosystem restoration initiative (FERI). [Cited 13 September 2023]. https://www.cbd-feri.org/about

Restor. undated. Restor. [Cited 13 September 2023]. https://restor.eco/

Restoration Monitoring Tools Guide. 2023. Introduction to the restoration monitoring tools guide. [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://restorationmonitoringtools.org/

Rey Benayas, J. M., Newton, A. C., Diaz, A., & Bullock, J. M. 2009. Enhancement of biodiversity and ecosystem services by ecological restoration: A meta-analysis. Science. ;325(5944):1121-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1172460.

Rey Benayas, J.M., Bullock, J.M. 2012. Restoration of biodiversity and ecosystem services on agricultural land. Ecosystems 15, 883–899. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-012-9552-0

Rigét, F., Bignert, A., Braune, B., Dam, M., Dietz, R., Evans, M., Green, N., Gunnlaugsdóttir, H., Hoydal, K. S., Kucklick, J., Letcher, R., Muir, D., Schuur, S., Sonne, C., Stern, G., Tomy, G., Vorkamp, K., & Wilson, S. 2019. Temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants in Arctic marine and freshwater biota. Science of The Total Environment, Volume 649, Pages 99-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.268

Robinson, J. M., Harrison, P. A., Mavoa, S., & Breed, M. F. 2022. Existing and emerging uses of drones in restoration ecology. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 13, 1899–1911. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13912

SEEA. 2021. An introduction to ecosystem accounting: Key concepts and policy applications. UN SEEA. https://seea.un.org/sites/seea.un.org/files/seea_long-bro-final-small.pdf

SER & IUCN CEM. 2021. Third global forum on ecological restoration. SER and IUCN CEM. https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.ser.org/resource/resmgr/publications/global_forum_preliminary_rep.pdf

SER. 2017. SER certified ecological restoration practitioner (CERP) program. [Cited 13 September 2024]. Washington D.C. https://www.ser.org/general/custom.asp?page=CERPProgram

SER. 2017. SER restoration resource center (RRC). [Cited 13 September 2024]. Washington D.C. https://ser-rrc.org/

SER. 2019. International principles and standards for the practice of ecological restoration, second edition summary. Washington D.C. https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.ser.org/resource/resmgr/docs/standards_2nd_ed_summary.pdf

Sanderson, E.W., Redford, K.H., Chetkiewicz, C.-L.B., Medellin, R.A., Rabinowitz, A.R., Robinson, J.G. & Taber, A.B. 2002. Planning to save a species: the jaguar as a model. Conservation Biology, Pages 58–72,Volume 16, No. 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00352.x

Sato, I., Langer, P., and Stolle, F. 2019. Enhancing NDCs: Opportunities in the forest and land-use sector. WRI. https://www.wri.org/ndcs/resources/forest-land-use-sector

Schill, S.R., McNulty, V.P., Perez, D., Shono, K. & Friedman, K. 2024. Remote sensing techniques for mapping and monitoring mangroves at fine scales. FAO. https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/70f0661c-4d7b-4f4f-a6ab-7bb8843d563c

Science Task Force for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. 2021. Science-based ecosystem restoration for the 2020s and beyond. IUCN. https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2021-032-En.pdf

Sewell A., van der Esch S. and Löwenhardt H. 2020. Goals and commitments for the restoration decade: A global overview of countries’ restoration commitments under the Rio Conventions and other pledges. PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. pbl.nl/uploads/default/downloads/pbl-2020-goals-and-commitments-for-the-restoration-decade-3906.pdf

Shaver E. C., Courtney, C. A., West, J. M., Maynard, J., Hein, M., Wagner, C., Philibotte, J., MacGowan, P., McLeod, I., Boström-Einarsson, L., Bucchianeri, K., Johnston, L., Koss, J. 2020. A manager’s guide to coral reef restoration planning and design. NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. NOAA Technical Memorandum CRCP 36, 128 pp. https://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/restoration_guide/docs/Shaver2020_NOAA_CRCP_TM36_ManagersGuideToRe storationPlanning.pdf

Silva, E., Naji, W., Salvaneschi, P., Climent-Gil, E., Derak, M., López, G., Bonet, A., Aledo, A., & Cortina-Segarra, J. 2023. Prioritizing areas for ecological restoration: A participatory approach based on cost-effectiveness. Journal of Applied Ecology, 60, 1194–1205. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14395

Silva, E., Naji, W., Salvaneschi, P., Climent-Gil, E., Derak, M., López, G., Bonet, A., Aledo, A., & Cortina-Segarra, J. 2023. Prioritizing areas for ecological restoration: A participatory approach based on cost-effectiveness. Journal of Applied Ecology, 60, 1194–1205. https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.14395

Simpson, M., McInnes, R. J., Davidson, N., Walsh, C., Rostron, C., & Finlayson, C. M. 2021. An updated citizen science state of the world’s wetlands survey. Wetland Science & Practice. https://growthzonesitesprod.azureedge.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/1889/2023/08/July2021_An-Updated-Citizen-Science-State.pdf

Sims, N.C., Newnham, G.J., England, J.R., Guerschman, J., Cox, S.J.D., Roxburgh, S.H., Viscarra Rossel, R.A., Fritz, S. and Wheeler, I. 2021. Good practice guidance: SDG indicator 15.3.1, proportion of land that is degraded over total land area. Version 2.0. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. https://www.unccd.int/resources/manuals -and-guides/good-practice-guidance-sdg-indicator-1531-proportion-land-degraded

Skidmore, P., & Wheaton, J. 2022. Riverscapes as natural infrastructure: Meeting challenges of climate adaptation and ecosystem restoration. Anthropocene. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100334

Skidmore, P.B., C.R. Thorne, B.L. Cluer, G.R. Pess, J.M. Castro, T.J. Beechie, and C.C. Shea. 2011. Science base and tools for evaluating stream engineering, management, and restoration proposals. U.S. Dept. Commer., NOAA Tech.Memo. NMFS-NWFSC-112, 255 p. https://www.webapps.nwfsc.noaa.gov/assets/25/1744_010920 12_143328_RiverRatTM112WebFinal.pdf

Slobodian, L., Vidal, A. and Saint-Laurent, C. 2020. Policies that support forest landscape restoration: What they look like and how they work. IUCN. https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/fi les/documents/2020-045-En.pdf

Stanturf, John; Mansourian, Stephanie; Kleine, Michael; eds. 2017. Implementing forest landscape restoration: A practitioner’s guide. IUFRO, Special Programme for Development of Capacities (IUFRO-SPDC). https://www.iufro.org/science/special/spdc/netw/flr/flr/pract-guide/

Strassburg, B. B. N., Iribarrem, A., Beyer, H. L., Cordeiro, C. L., Crouzeilles, R., Jakovac, C. C., Junqueira, A. B., Lacerda, E., Latawiec, A. E., Balmford, A., Brooks, T. M., Butchart, S. H. M., Chazdon, R. L., Erb, K.-H., Brancalion, P., Buchanan, G., Cooper, D., Díaz, S., Donald, P. F., Kapos, V., Leclère, D., Miles, L., Obersteiner, M., Plutzar, C., Scaramuzza, C. A. de M., Scarano, F. R., & Visconti, P. 2020. Global priority areas for ecosystem restoration. Nature 586, 724–729. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2784-9

Telesetsky, A., Cliquet, A., & Akhtar-Khavari, A. 2017. Ecological restoration in international environmental law. Routledge Research in International Environmental Law. https://www.routledge.com/Ecological-Restoration-in-International-Environmental-Law/Akhtar-Khavari-Cliquet-Telesetsky/p/book/9781138796836

The World Bank. 2022. Scaling Up Ecosystem Restoration Finance: A Stocktake Report. Washington D.C. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099955011092213526/pdf/P17770602aad4701309adb08b084c12888c.pdf?_gl=1cpyohe_gcl_auMTIyMjM4NzEyNy4xNzI1MzczNDgy

The World Bank. 2022. Finance task force of UN Decade on ecosystem restoration. [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/environment/brief/finance-task-force-for-the-un-decade-on-ecosystem-restoration

Tin, Y.K.F., Butt, H., Calhoun, E., Cierna, A., & Brooks, S. 2024. Accountability for nature: comparison of nature-related assessment and disclosure frameworks and standards. UNEP. https://www.unepfi.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Accountability-for-Nature.pdf

Toma, T. S. P., Overbeck, G. E., Mendonça Jr, M. S., & Fernandes, G. W. 2023. Optimal references for ecological restoration: The need to protect references in the tropics. Perspectives in Ecology and ConservationVolume 21, Issue 1, Pages 25-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecon.2023.01.003

Trung, T.V. 1999. Tropical forest ecosystems in Vietnam. Science and Technology Publishing House.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 2019. Application of quality assurance and quality control principles to ecological restoration project monitoring. Publication No.EPA/905/K-19/001. https://www.oregon.gov/oweb/Documents/QAQC-principles-to-Eco-restoraton-project-monitoring.pdf

UCN/SSC . 2013. Guidelines for reintroductions and other conservation translocations. IUCN Species Survival Commission. https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10386

UEBT. 2023. UEBT regenerative programme. [Cited 13 September 2023]. https://uebt.org/regenerative-programme

UN DESA. 2023. The sustainable development goals report 2023: Special edition. UN DESA. https://desapublications.un.org/publications/sustainable-development-goals-report-2023-special-edition

UN General Assembly. 1986. Resolution 41/128. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Development/DeclarationRightDevelopment_en.pdf

UN General Assembly. 2007. Resolution 61/295. nan. https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/atrocity-crimes/Doc.18_declaration%20rights%20indigenous%20peoples.pdf

UNCCD & CBD. 2023. Synergy brief: Land restoration to safeguard nature and livelihoods. nan. https://www.unccd.int/sites/default/files/2023-05/Synergy%20Brief_UNCCD-CBD_March%202023.pdf

UNCCD, BMZ, & EU. 2011. Economics of land degradation (ELD) initiative. [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://www.eld-initiative.org/en/

UNCCD. 2022. Land, life and legacy declaration ICCD/COP(15)/23/Add.1: Decision 29/COP.15. Conference of the Parties, 6th plenary meeting. https://www.unccd.int/sites/default/files/2022-10/29_cop15.pdf

UNCCD. 2022. The global land outlook, second edition. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). https://www.unccd.int/sites/default/files/2022-04/UNCCD_GLO2_low-res_2.pdf

UNCCD. 2023. Land restoration to safeguard nature and livelihoods. UNCCD and CBD. https://www.unccd.int/resources/publications/land-restoration-safeguard-nature-and-livelihoods-unccd-and-cbd-working

UNCCD. 2023. WOCAT global database on land management. UNCCD [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://www.wocat.net/en/global-slm-database/

UNCCD. 2024. Global restoration information hub. UNCCD [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://grih.info/

UNCCD. undated. G20 global land initiative. UNCCD [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://g20land.org/

UNCCD. undated. Voluntary LDN targets. UNCCD. [Cited 12 September 2024]. https://www.unccd.int/our-work/country-profiles/voluntary-ldn-targets

UNDP. 2018. Learning for nature. [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://www.learningfornature.org/en/

UNDP, UNEP-WCMC & CBD. 2022. UN biodiversity lab. [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://unbiodiversitylab.org/en/

UNDRIP. 2007. Declaration on the rights of indigenous people. United Nations. un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf

UNECE. 2022. National policy guiding principles for forest landscape restoration. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2023-03/NPGP-general-version2022%20_0.pdf

UNEP. Undated. The Restoration Explorer. [Cited 13 September 2024]. The Restoration Explorer — Home

UNEP. 2020. The United Nations decade on ecosystem restoration: Strategy. United Nations Environment Programme. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/31813/ERDStrat.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

UNEP. 2021. Becoming #GenerationRestoration: Ecosystem restoration for people, nature and climate. United Nations Environment Programme. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/4e57915f-a5a3-4867-a771-57cceb36230b/content

UNEP. 2022. Global peatlands assessment – The state of the world’s peatlands: Evidence for action toward the conservation, restoration, and sustainable management of peatlands. Main report. Global Peatlands Initiative. United Nations Environment Programme. https://www.unep.org/resources/global-peatlands-assessment- 2022

UNEP & FAO. 2021. Ecosystem restoration for people, nature and climate. UNEP, FAO. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/36251/ERPNC.pdf

UNEP & FAO. 2023. Action plan for the UN Decade on ecosystem restoration, 2021-2030. Nairobi, Rome. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/42095/UNDecade_ActionPlan.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y

UNEP-WCMC. 2007. Biodiversity indicators partnership (BIP). [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://www.bipindicators.net/

UNEP-WCMC. 2020. Combined biodiversity and carbon management: Spatial data to support conservation and restoration of biodiversity and carbon-rich areas. UNEP-WCMC technical briefing note. UNEP-WCMC. https://www.proteuspartners.org/content/uploads/2020/04/biodiversity-and-carbon-management.pdf

UNESCO. 2021. Ocean decade. [Cited 13 September 2023]. https://oceandecade.org/vision-mission/

UNESCO. 2021. The United Nations decade of ocean science for sustainable development (2021-2030) implementation plan. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000377082.locale=en

UNFCCC. 2021. Glasgow leaders’ declaration on forests and land use. UNFCCC [Cited 13 September 2023]. https://forestdeclaration.org/

United Nations. 2021. The second world ocean assessment: World ocean assessment II. United Nations. https://www.un.org/regularprocess/woa2launch

United Nations. 2022. Restoration academy. [Cited 13 September 2023]. https://www.decadeonrestoration.org/stories/welcome-restoration-academy

United Nations Environment Management Group. 2020. Supporting the global biodiversity agenda. United Nations. https://unemg.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/EMG-Biodiversity-WEB.pdf

USDoT. 2019. Roadside revegetation: An integrated approach to establishing native plants and pollinator habitat. [Cited 13 September 2023]. https://www.nativerevegetation.org/

Valderrábano, M., Nelson, C., Nicholson, E., Etter, A., Carwardine, J., Hallett, J. G., McBreen, J. and Botts, E. 2021. Using ecosystem risk assessment science in ecosystem restoration: A guide to applying the Red List of Ecosystems to ecosystem restoration. IUCN. https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/49846

Van der Esch, S., Sewell, A., Bakkenes, M., Doelman, J., Stehfest, E., Langhans, C., Bouwman, A., ten Brink, B., Berkhout, E., & Fleskens, L. 2022. The global potential for land restoration: Scenarios for the global land outlook 2. PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. https://www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/downloads/pbl-2022-the-global-potential-for-land-restoration-glo2-4816_0.pdf

Veldman, J. W., Overbeck, G. E., Negreiros, D., Mahy, G., Le Stradic, S., Fernandes, G. W., Durigan, G., Buisson, E., Putz, F. E., & Bond, W. J. 2015. Where tree planting and forest expansion are bad for biodiversity and ecosystem services. BioScience, Volume 65, Issue 10. https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/65/10/1011/245863

Viani, R. A. G., Holl, K. D., Padovezi, A., Strassburg, B. B. N., Farah, F. T., Garcia, L. C., Chaves, R. B., Rodrigues, R. R., & Brancalion, P. H. S. 2017. Protocol for monitoring tropical forest restoration: Perspectives from the Atlantic forest restoration pact in Brazil. Tropical Conservation Science, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1940082917697265

Vozzo, M. L., Doropoulos, C., Silliman, B. R., Steven, A., Reeves, S. E., Ter Hofstede, R., van Koningsveld, M., van de Koppel, J., McPherson, T., Ronan, M., & Saunders, M. I. 2023. To restore coastal marine areas, we need to work across multiple habitats simultaneously. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America;120(26):e2300546120. https://doi.org/ 10.1073/pnas.2300546120

Vozzo, M. L., Doropoulos, C., Silliman, B. R., Steven, A., Reeves, S. E., ter Hofstede, R., van Koningsveld, M., van de Koppel, J., McPherson, T., Ronan, M., & Saunders, M. I. 2023. To restore coastal marine areas, we need to work across multiple habitats simultaneously. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 120, No. 26. https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2300546120

WRI. 2020. The landscape policy accelerator. [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://www.wri.org/initiatives/landscape-policy-accelerator

WRI. undated. Global restoration initiative. [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://www.wri.org/initiatives/global-restoration-initiative/monitoring-forest- and-landscape-restoration

WRI. undated. TerraMatch. [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://www.terramatch.org/

WWF. 2020. Enhancing forest targets and measures in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). WWF. https://wwfint.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/forests_and_ndcs_v4.pdf

Wang, H., Tang, B., Li, W., Zhang, W., Liu, J., Zhang, L., & Jiao, L. 2023. Identification of ecological restoration priority areas integrating human activity intensity and multi-criteria decision analysis. Forests 14, no. 12: 2348. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14122348

Wetlands International, Conservation Evidence Group. 2024. Restoration, creation and management of salt marshes and tidal flats. [Cited 13 September 2023]. https://www.wetlands.org/publication/restoration-creation-and-management-of-salt-marshes-and-tidal-flats/

Wheaton, J.M., Bennett, S.N., Bouwes, N., Camp, R., Maestas, J.D. and Shahverdian, S.M. 2019. Chapter 2 – Principles of low-tech process-based restoration: In J.M. Wheaton, S.N. Bennett, N. Bouwes, J.D. Maestas and S.M. Shahverdian (Editors), low-tech process-based restoration of riverscapes: Design manual. Utah State University Wheaton Restoration Consortium. https://lowtechpbr.restoration.usu.edu/manual/chap02/

World Economic Forum. 2020. The future of nature and business. World Economic Forum. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_The_Future_Of_Nature_And_Business_2020.pdf

World Economic Forum. 2023. Embedding indigenous knowledge in the conservation and restoration of landscapes. World Economic Forum. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Embedding_Indigenous_Knowledge_2023.pdf

Worthington, T. A., Andradi-Brown, D. A., Bhargava, R., Buelow, C., Bunting, P., Duncan, C., Fatoyinbo, L., Friess, D. A., Goldberg, L., Hilarides, L., Lagomasino, D., Landis, E., Longley-Wood, K., Lovelock, C. E., Murray, N. J., Narayan, S., Rosenqvist, A., Sievers, M., Simard, M., Thomas, N., van Eijk, P., Zganjar, C., & Spalding, M. 2020. Harnessing big data to support the conservation and rehabilitation of mangrove forests globally. One Earth, Volume 2, Issue 5, 429 - 443. https://www.cell.com/one-earth/fulltext/S2590-3322(20)30205-0

Worthington, T. A., van Soesbergen, A., Berkhuysen, A., Brink, K., Royte, J., Thieme, M., Wanningen, H., & Darwall, W. 2022. Global swimways for the conservation of migratory freshwater fishes. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment; 20(10): 573–580. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2550

Yale School of The Environment. undated. Environmental leadership & training initiative (ELTI). [Cited 13 September 2024]. https://elti.yale.edu/

Yochum, S. E. 2018. Stream habitat restoration guidelines. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Stream & Aquatic Ecology Center, Technical Note TN-102.4. https://www.fs.usda.gov/biology/nsaec/assets/yochumusfs-nsaec-tn102-4guidancestreamrestoration.pdf

Young, R.E., Gann, G.D., Walder, B., Liu, J., Cui, W., Newton, V., Nelson, C.R., Tashe, N., Jasper, D., Silveira, F.A.O., Carrick, P.J., Hägglund, T., Carlsén, S. and Dixon, K. 2022. International principles and standards for the ecological restoration and recovery of mine sites. Restoration Ecology, 30: e13771. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13771

zu Ermgassen, P, Hancock, B., DeAngelis, B., Greene, J., Schuster, E., Spalding, M., Brumbaugh, R. 2016. Setting objectives for oyster habitat restoration using ecosystem services: A manager’s guide. The Nature Conservancy. https://oceanwealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Setting-Objectives-for-Oyster-Habitat-Restoration-Using-Ecosystem-Service.pdf

zu Ermgassen, P.S.E., Bos, O., Debney, A., Gamble, C., Glover, A., Pogoda, B., Pouvreau, S., Sanderson, W., Smyth, D. and Preston, J. (eds). 2021. European native oyster habitat restoration monitoring handbook. The Zoological Society of London. https://noraeurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/other-publications/European-Native-Oyster-Habitat-Restoration-Monitoring-Handbook-updated-03-2022.pdf

zu Ermgassen, P.S.E., Gamble, C., Debney, A., Colsoul, B., Fabra, M., Sanderson, W.G., Strand, Å. and Preston, J. (eds). 2020. European guidelines on biosecurity in native oyster restoration. The Zoological Society of London. https://noraeurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/other-publications/European-Guidelines-on-Biosecurity-in-Native-Oyster-Restoration.pdf

back to top