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229 Bellmann, C. 2019. Subsidies and sustainable agriculture: Mapping the policy landscape. Chatham House, London, UK.
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250 Thow, A. M., Snowdon, W., Labonté, R., Gleeson, D., Stuckler, D., Hattersley, L. & Friel, S. 2015. Will the next generation of preferential trade and investment agreements undermine prevention of noncommunicable diseases? A prospective policy analysis of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement. Health Policy, 119(1): 88–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2014.08.002
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253 Thow, A.M., Snowdon, W., Labonté, R., Gleeson, D., Stuckler, D., Hattersley, L., Schram, A., Kay, A. & Friel, S. 2015. Will the next generation of preferential trade and investment agreements undermine prevention of noncommunicable diseases? A prospective policy analysis of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement. Health Policy, 119(1): 88–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2014.08.002
254 Thow, A.M., Swinburn, B., Colagiuri, S., Diligolevu, M., Quested, C., Vivili, P. & Leeder, S. 2010. Trade and food policy: Case studies from three Pacific Island countries. Food Policy, 35(6): 556–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.06.005
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258 Teng, A., Puloka, V., Genç, M., Filimoehala, O., Latu, C., Lolomana’ia, M. & Wilson, N. 2020. Sweetened beverage taxes and changes in beverage price, imports and manufacturing: interrupted time series analysis in a middle-income country. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(1): 90. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-00980-1
259 Thow, A.M., Annan, R., Mensah, L. & Chowdhury, S.N. 2014. Development, implementation and outcome of standards to restrict fatty meat in the food supply and prevent NCDs: learning from an innovative trade/food policy in Ghana. BMC Public Health, 14: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-249
260 WTO. 2001. Ghana Trade Policy Review. Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp157_e.htm
261 Andreyeva, T., Marple, K., Marinello, S., Moore, T.E. & Powell, L.M. 2022. Outcomes Following Taxation of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Network Open, 5(6): e2215276. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.15276
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264 Junod, S. 2017. Proscribing Deception: The Gould Net Weight Amendment and the Origins of Mandatory Nutrition Labeling. In: E. Neswald, D. F. Smith, U. Thoms, E. Neswald & U. Thomas, eds. Setting Nutritional Standards: Theory, Policies, Practices, 165–194.
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267 Wartella, E.A., Lichtenstein, A.H. & Boon, C.S. 2010. Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols: Phase I Report. US Institute of Medicine Committee on Examination of Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols, National Academies Press.
268 WHO. 2004. Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health. Geneva, Switzerland.
269 Kanter, R., Vanderlee, L. & Vandevijvere, S. 2018. Front-of-package nutrition labelling policy: global progress and future directions. Public Health Nutrition, 21(8): 1399–1408. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018000010
270 Batista, M., de Carvalho-Ferreira, J.P., Thimoteo da Cunha, D. & De Rosso, V.V. 2023. Front-of-package nutrition labeling as a driver for healthier food choices: Lessons learned and future perspectives. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 22(1): 535–586. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.13085
271 Giner, C., Rodriguez, D. & Elasri, A. 2023. Developing food labels for improved health outcomes: Insights into simplified nutrition labelling policies. OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 203. Paris, OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/18156797
272 Barlow, P., Labonte, R., McKee, M. & Stuckler, D. 2018. Trade challenges at the World Trade Organization to national noncommunicable disease prevention policies: A thematic document analysis of trade and health policy space. PLoS Med, 15(6): e1002590. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002590
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275 Hirono, K., Haigh, F., Gleeson, D., Harris, P., Thow, A.M. & Friel, S. 2016. Is health impact assessment useful in the context of trade negotiations? A case study of the Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement. BMJ Open, 6(4): e010339. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010339
276 Thow, A.M., Reeve, E., Naseri, T., Martyn, T. & Bollars, C. 2017. Food supply, nutrition and trade policy: reversal of an import ban on turkey tails. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 95(10): 723. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.17.192468
277 Thaiprayoon, S. & Smith, R. 2015. Capacity building for global health diplomacy: Thailand’s experience of trade and health. Health Policy and Planning, 30(9): 1118–1128. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czu117
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279 Walls, H., Cornelsen, L., Lock, K. & Smith, R. 2016. How much priority is given to nutrition and health in the EU Common Agricultural Policy? Food Policy, 59: 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.12.008
280 Young, A.R. 2016. Not your parents’ trade politics: The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership negotiations. Review of International Political Economy, 23(3): 345–378. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2016.1150316
281 FAO. 2022. The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets 2022. The geography of food and agricultural trade: Policy approaches for sustainable development. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0471en
282 Thow, A.M., Annan, R., Mensah, L. & Chowdhury, S.N. 2014. Development, implementation and outcome of standards to restrict fatty meat in the food supply and prevent NCDs: learning from an innovative trade/food policy in Ghana. BMC Public Health, 14: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-249
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285 Romaní, N.C. & Carvalho, F.L.D.L. 2021. Restrictions on ultra-processed foods: challenge for compliance with World Trade Organization commitments. Sequência (Florianópolis), 42: e83028. https://doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2021.e83028
286 Thow, A.M., Wijkström, E. & Wolff, C. 2023. Can global trade rules cope with changing nutrition challenges? Global Policy, 2023. 14(3): 578–580. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13212
PART 5 – boxes
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288 Springmann, M. & Freund, F. 2022. Options for reforming agricultural subsidies from health, climate, and economic perspectives. Nature communications, 13(1): 82. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27645-2
289 FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP & WHO. 2022. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0639en
290 WHO. 2022. Fiscal policies to promote healthy diets: policy brief. Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240049543
291 WHO. 2022. Fiscal policies to promote healthy diets: policy brief. Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240049543
292 Smith, E., Scarborough, P., Rayner, M. & Briggs, A.D.M. 2018. Should we tax unhealthy food and drink? The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 77(3), 314–320. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665117004165
293 Itria, A., Borges, S.S., Rinaldi, A.E.M., Nucci, L.B. & Enes, C.C. 2021. Taxing sugar-sweetened beverages as a policy to reduce overweight and obesity in countries of different income classifications: a systematic review. Public Health Nutrition, 24 (16): 5550–5560. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980021002901
294 Pfister, F. & Pozas, C. 2023. The influence of Chile’s food labeling and advertising law and other factors on dietary and physical activity behavior of elementary students in a peripheral region: A qualitative study. BMC Nutrition, 9: 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/240795-023-00671-78
295 Taillie, L.S., Reyes, M., Arantxa, Colchero M., Popkin, B. & Corvalán, C. 2020. An evaluation of Chile’s Law of Food Labeling and Advertising on sugar-sweetened beverage purchases from 2015 to 2017: A before-and-after study. PLoS Med, 17(2): e1003015. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003015
296 Dervisholli, E. (forthcoming). Assessing nutrition policies through specific trade concerns lenses – Background paper for the State of Agricultural Commodity Markets 2024. Rome, FAO.
297 Egnell, M., Talati, Z., Hercberg, S., Pettigrew, S. & Julia, C. 2018. Objective Understanding of Front-of-Package Nutrition Labels: An International Comparative Experimental Study across 12 Countries. Nutrients, 10(10): 1542. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101542
298 Taillie, L.S., Bercholz, M., Popkin, B., Reyes, M., Colchero, M.A., & Corvalán, C. 2021. Changes in food purchases after the Chilean policies on food labelling, marketing, and sales in schools: a before and after study. The Lancet Planetary Health, 5, 8: e526–e533. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00172-8
299 Indonesian Food and Drug Authority. 2019. BPOM Regulation Number 22 Year 2019 about Nutritional Value Information on Processed Food Labels.
300 Marrón-Ponce, J.A., Sánchez-Pimienta, T.G., Louzada, M.L D.C. & Batis, C. 2018. Energy contribution of NOVA food groups and sociodemographic determinants of ultra-processed food consumption in the Mexican population. Public Health Nutrition, 21(1): 87–93. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980017002129
301 White, M. & Barquera, S. 2020. Mexico Adopts Food Warning Labels, Why Now? Health Systems and Reform, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23288604.2020.1752063
302 Arellano-Gómez, L P., Jáuregui, A., Nieto, C., Contreras-Manzano, A., Quevedo, K.L., White, C.M., Thrasher, J.F., Davis, R.E., Hammond, D. & Barquera, S. 2023. Effects of front-of-package caffeine and sweetener disclaimers in Mexico: Cross-sectional results from the 2020 International Food Policy Study. Public Health Nutrition, 26(12): 3278–3290. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980023002100
303 Diez-Canseco, F., Cavero, V., Alvarez, Cano J., Saavedra-Garcia, L., Taillie, L.S., Carpentier, F. & Miranda, J. 2023. Design and approval of the nutritional warnings’ policy in Peru: Milestones, key stakeholders, and policy drivers for its approval. PLOS Global Public Health, 3(6): e0001121. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001121
304 Saavedra-Garcia, L., Meza-Hernández, M., Diez-Canseco, F. & Taillie, L.S. 2022. Reformulation of Top-Selling Processed and Ultra-Processed Foods and Beverages in the Peruvian Food Supply after Front-of-Package Warning Label Policy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1): 424. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010424
305 FAO & WTO. 2017. Trade and food standards. Rome, FAO; Geneva, Switzerland, WTO. https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/tradefoodfao17_e.pdf
306 FAO & WTO. 2017. Trade and food standards. Rome, FAO; Geneva, Switzerland, WTO. https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/tradefoodfao17_e.pdf
307 FAO & WHO. 1985. Codex Alimentarius Food Labelling (CODEX STAN 1-1985). Rome, FAO. https://www.fao.org/uploads/media/Codex_2001_food_labelling.pdf
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