TABLES

2.1 Food categories used in the report

5.1 Examples of interpretive and non-interpretive front-of-package labelling


FIGURES

1.1 Structural transformation and nutrition transition: Main drivers and outcomes, 2000–2022

1.2 Engel’s law: Share of food in total consumer expenditure and gross domestic product per capita, 2022

1.3 Bennet’s law: Share of staple foods in total energy available for human consumption and gross domestic product per capita, 2020

1.4 The burden of undernourishment and multiple forms of malnutrition: Selected nutritional outcome indicators, 2000–2022

1.5 Total calories available for consumption in the world by food category, 1961–2021

1.6 Quantity of staple foods available for consumption (per capita, per day) and gross domestic product per capita, 1961–2021

1.7 Mexico, Poland, the Republic of Korea and South Africa: Change in the composition of total food supply, 1961–2021

1.8 Convergence in the share of staple foods in total calories available for consumption, 1961–2020

1.9 Convergence in the share of animal source foods in total calories available for consumption, 1961–2020

1.10 Convergence in the aggregate share of animal source foods, fats and oils, sweets and beverages in total calories available for consumption, 1961–2020

2.1 Merchandise and food and agricultural trade, 2000–2022

2.2 Share of net food imports in total domestic supply (in kcal), 2020, percent

2.3 Evolution of trade by food category (based on daily per capita energy content), world, 2000–2021

2.4 Shares of imports by food category in all food imports (based on energy content and monetary value), 2000 and 2021

2.5 Evolution of food trade by processing level (based on daily per capita energy content), world, 2000–2021

2.6 Shares of imports by processing level in all food imports (based on energy content and monetary value), 2000 and 2021

2.7 Patterns of trade between regions: Vitamin C from European and Northern American food imports, 2021

2.8 Patterns of trade between regions: Calcium from African and Asian food imports, 2021

2.9 Nutrient net imports from food of low- and middle-income countries, 2001 and 2020

2.10 Share of exports and imports of aquatic products in total food and agricultural trade, by region, 2021

2.11 Value and quantity of aquatic products trade, 1976–2020

2.12 Average impacts of food trade openness and gross domestic product per capita on the prevalence of obesity among adults and the prevalence of stunting in children

3.1 Share of food items produced and supplied in all food items, 2010 and 2020, percent

3.2 Global distribution of food items by processing level: Production and availability for consumption, 2020

3.3 Global distribution of food items by food category: Production and availability for consumption, 2020

3.4 Relationship between trade openness and diversity of food supply, 2020

3.5 Relationship between net trade position and diversity of food supply, 2020

3.6 Diversity of food production and supply in selected countries, 2010 and 2020

3.7 Adequacy of nutrient supply: Distribution of energy and selected micronutrients across countries, 2010 and 2020

3.8 Adequacy of nutrient supply across countries: Nutrient balance score, 2020

3.9 Relationship between trade openness and adequacy of nutrient supply, 2020

3.10 Import prices of food categories across countries, 2021

3.11 Prices of traded foods by processing level, 2021

3.12 Prices of macronutrients by trade between country income groups, 2000–2021

3.13 Distribution of food prices according to average tariff level, 2017

3.14 Distribution of prices of foods according to their inclusion in healthy diet baskets, by average tariff level, 2017

4.1 Prevalence of obesity among adults in the world, percent, 2022

4.2 Prevalence of obesity among adults in the world, selected countries, 1990 and 2022

4.3 Ultra-processed food imports as share in all food imports (based on energy content), selected countries in Oceania, 2021

4.4 Regional trade agreements: Impact of non-tariff measures on bilateral food trade flows across processing levels

4.5 Income responsiveness of bilateral food trade flows across processing levels

5.1 Potentially most distorting transfers and other support by country, 2020–2022 (percent of gross farm income)

5.2 Support to specific commodities, 2020–2022 (percent of gross farm income)

5.3 Technical Barriers to Trade Committee specific trade concerns related to nutrition labelling, 1995–2023


BOXES

1.1 Foreign direct investment and nutrition

1.2 United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition, 2016–2025

2.1 Food categories in this report

2.2 Food processing and the NOVA classification system

2.3 Trade of aquatic products and nutrition

2.4 Globalization and nutrition outcomes: Empirical studies

2.5 Global nutrition targets

2.6 Estimating the average impact of food trade openness on selected nutritional indicators

3.1 Net trade position and the diversity of food supply

3.2 Data on trade, production and supply of food

3.3 What is a healthy diet?

3.4 Consumer response to changes in relative prices

3.5 Pricing nutrients

5.1 The Agreement on Agriculture

5.2 Repurposing support to food and agriculture

5.3 Fiscal measures: Taxes and subsidies to promote healthier food choices

5.4 Nutrition labelling and the World Trade Organization Agreements on Technical Barriers to Trade and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures

5.5 Technical barriers to trade specific trade concerns

5.6 Codex Alimentarius Commission and food labelling

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