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ArticleSelection on a drought tolerance and using its results for adaptation of pine forests to climate change
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Forest-steppe region of European Russia belongs to the zone of highly productive pine forests. Relevance of research answers sub-theme of Forestry Congress “forests’ role in addressing global environmental challenges, including climate change and biodiversity conservation”. Conclusions and practical recommendations are based on the results of 34-years monitoring and 12-years self-pollination experience at Scots pine. Main elements of pine seed reproduction systems are self-fertility, proportion of plump seeds and number of seeds per cone. These are genetically determined and environmentally dependent traits with different sensitivity to drought. Their equilibrium state ensures the stability of species seed reproduction system. Drought leads to yield decrease of pine forests, differentiation of trees by drought tolerance degree. Genotypic correction is connected with the unequal contribution of resistant and sensitive trees to the year seed production. To softening the climate change consequences for newly created pine forests, it is recommended to use seeds of drought-tolerant variety of pine ‘Ostrogozhskaya’ (patent No 9187) for reforestation. It is also necessary to draw the seed genotypic composition of optimal years closer to their natural structure of years. For this purpose, it is required to increase the proportion of seeds from drought-tolerant forms by 10-30%. This would make it possible to retain the gene pool of best local populations and increasing their stability in the next generations of forest. Institute has an assortment of drought-resistant forms of Scots pine. Pre- adapted seeds have a sufficient reserve of ecological capacity and a balanced genotypic composition to ensure the genetic diversity and stability of pine forests to climate change. Keywords: Climate change; adaptive selection; Scots pine; seed reproduction systems; drought-tolerant variety ID: 3488667 -
DocumentWood transcriptome profiling identifies critical pathway genes of secondary wall biosynthesis and novel regulators for vascular cambium development in populus
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Wood, the most abundant biomass on Earth, is composed of secondary xylem differentiated from vascular cambium. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of wood formation remain largely unclear. To gain insight into wood formation, we performed a series of wood-forming tissue-specific transcriptome analyses from a hybrid poplar (Populus alba × P. glandulosa, clone BH) using RNA-seq. Together with shoot apex and leaf tissue, cambium and xylem tissues were isolated from vertical stem segments representing a gradient of secondary growth developmental stages (i.e., immature, intermediate, and mature stem). In a comparative transcriptome analysis of the ‘developing xylem’ and ‘leaf’ tissue, we could identify critical players catalyzing each biosynthetic step of secondary wall components (e.g., cellulose, xylan, and lignin). Several candidate genes involved in the initiation of vascular cambium formation were found via a co-expression network analysis using abundantly expressed genes in the ‘intermediate stem-derived cambium’ tissue. We found that transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the PtrHAM4-1, a GRAS family transcription factor, resulted in a significant increase of vascular cambium development. This phenotype was successfully reproduced in the transgenic poplars overexpressing the PtrHAM4-1. Taken together, our results may serve as a springboard for further research to unravel the molecular mechanism of wood formation, one of the most important biological processes on this planet. Keywords: Genetic resources, Research ID: 3622616 -
DocumentWood transcriptome analysis of Pinus densiflora identifies genes critical for secondary cell wall formation and NAC transcription factors involved in tracheid formation
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Although conifers have significant ecological and economic value, information on transcriptional regulation of wood formation in conifers is still limited. Here, to gain insight into secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis and tracheid formation in conifers, we performed wood tissue-specific transcriptome analyses of Pinus densiflora (Korean red pine) using RNA sequencing. In addition, to obtain full-length transcriptome information, PacBio single molecule real-time (SMRT) iso-sequencing was carried out using RNAs from 28 tissues of P. densiflora. Subsequent comparative tissue-specific transcriptome analysis successfully pinpointed critical genes encoding key proteins involved in biosynthesis of the major secondary wall components (cellulose, galactoglucomannan, xylan, and lignin). Furthermore, we predicted a total of 62 NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) family transcription factor members and identified seven PdeNAC genes preferentially expressed in developing xylem tissues in P. densiflora. Protoplast-based transcriptional activation analysis found that four PdeNAC genes, homologous to VND, NST and SND/ANAC075, upregulated GUS activity driven by an SCW-specific cellulose synthase promoter. Consistently, transient overexpression of the four PdeNACs induced xylem vessel cell-like SCW deposition in both tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) and Arabidopsis leaves. Taken together, our data provide a foundation for further research to unravel transcriptional regulation of wood formation in conifers, especially SCW formation and tracheid differentiation. Keywords: Research, Genetic resources ID: 3622610
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