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ArticleAddressing the challenge of deforestation in Sri Lanka: Potentials of sustainable forest governance through policy and institutional integration
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.As one of the world’s 35 biodiversity hotspots, Sri Lanka indicates a high level of endemicity in most taxonomic groups and a considerable number of threatened species (Voluntary National Review, 2018). However, the forest cover in Sri Lanka has decreased from 40% to 29.7% during the period from 1940 to 2017 (UN-REDD, 2017). Deforestation has become a challenge due to increased population, high demand for land and major development projects. Although there are several policies to improve sustainable forest governance in Sri Lanka, certain fragmentations and clashes can be identified when they reach their implementation stage. The national level institutions such as the Forest Department and the Department of Wildlife Conservation face several accountability clashes with other government institutions that consider large scale development as a top policy priority. The result is the rapid deforestation and forest degradation. This study focuses on why the forest governance in Sri Lanka experiences certain difficulties in addressing the challenge of deforestation and explores the potentials of sustainable forest governance through policy and institutional integration. The research was based on qualitative data gathered conducting semi-structured interviews with officials and representatives of the forest- related national level institutions, provincial and local government bodies, environmental non- governmental organizations and community-based organizations. Additional data were collected observing deforestation in lowland, montane, dry zone, monsoon and mangrove forests in Sri Lanka during the year 2019/2020. The findings suggest that the major barrier against sustainable forest governance in Sri Lanka is politically-influenced arbitrary implementation of sudden ‘development’ policies by the government that encourage deforestation. The forest governance policies and the forest-related institutionsneed to be integrated towards addressing the challenge of deforestation. Keywords: deforestation, sustainable forest governance, policy integration, Sri Lanka ID: 3486425 -
ArticleWell-designed road infrastructure to save forest and its biodiversity in Betung Kerihun national park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Betung Kerihun National Park supports a variety of unique and endangered fauna and flora, including orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), Bornean gibbon (Hylobates muelleri), sun bear (Helarctos malayanus), a huge diversity of bird species, especially hornbills (Buceros sp.), and various Dipterocarps. The park is directly adjacent to Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary and Batang Ai National Park in Sarawak-Malaysia, where the Punan Havongan Dayak people reside in the forest and the Mountain Dayak sub-tribes of Punan Muller-Schwaner inhabit the upper ridges of the Kapuas River. In 2018, UNESCO designated the Betung Kerihun and Danau Sentarum as a World Biosphere Reserve. The communities in and around the Betung Kerihun area have limited access to outside the area, which has resulted in poor economic development. Currently, some areas within the park are included in the government’s agenda for the Trans-Kalimantan Highway development, which uses the concept of a parallel- border road. One 157 km road segment will be built in the Betung Kerihun area, stretching from Putussibau to Nanga Era to the East Kalimantan boundary. While this road construction will bring some positive benefits, the negative impacts may significantly affect the area’s unique biodiversity and local indigenous communities if they are not properly mitigated. This paper discusses the national park’s initiatives to design a road that prioritizes biodiversity conservation and minimizes impacts to ensure this development aligns with the recent Regulation from the Minister of Environment and Forestry No. 23 of 2019 concerning strategic road development inside forest areas. The presence of parallel-border roads, if carried out in accordance with the proposed design, will facilitate socio-economic development among local communities as well as support sustainable regional development. Keywords: Betung Kerihun National Park, Trans-Kalimantan Highway, sustainable infrastructure, socioeconomic development, road construction, wildlife corridors. ID: 3486356 -
ArticleEvaluating policy coherence: A case study of peatland forests on the Kampar Peninsula landscape, Indonesia
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Conflicting policies relating to the management of multi-sectoral, multi-level and multi-actor forest uses often result in ineffective policy implementation. Methods for assessing policy coherence, however, are limited and often require an extensive evidence base which is not always available. In Indonesia, this has often led to conflicts between government agencies and other forest stakeholders. Improved methods for assessing policy coherence could assist governments and other stakeholders to navigate policy complexity and to avoid the potentially high costs of policies that are antagonistic to one another. We propose an audit of policy coherence at the landscape scale as a way of addressing this problem. We test this idea on the Kampar Peninsula, a peat landscape in Pelalawan district, Riau Province, Indonesia. To aid our audit assessment, we overlaid radar and Landsat images to depict delineations of peat protection and cultivation zones according to different legislation. Our audit revealed incoherent mapping of peat protection zones on the Kampar Peninsula, which has led to ineffective implementation of policies. We then propose three alternative protection and cultivation scenarios to that proposed by the government. Our results show that any of these alternative scenarios would provide a policy that is not only more coherent, but that also would result in more effective policy implementation. This policy audit method should have wide potential application for auditing best practice and policy effectiveness in complex landscapes across the globe and should have immediate application in helping to resolve the current issues on the Kampar Peninsular. Keywords: policy coherence; performance auditing; landscape approach, sustainable peatland management ID: 3471212
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