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ArticleForest environmental tax as a scheme of sustainable forest management: potential and challenges in Japan
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The Forest Environment Transfer Tax (FETT) was introduced in Japan in 2019 to support forest management at municipality level. Forest policy at prefectural level is influenced by the scheme as well. For example, 37 prefectures having prefectural forest environment tax cannot use their prefectural taxes for the measures which can be implemented using the FETT. They need to consider and explain the differences between FETT and their prefectural taxes. Furthermore, FETT is allocated not only to municipalities but to prefectures to support municipalities. Another major topic of FETT scheme is facilitation of urban and rural collaboration. Urban municipalities receive FETT as well as rural municipalities, and they can use it to facilitate the use of wood products to indirectly support national and regional forest management, and to conduct forest management in rural municipalities based on urban-rural collaboration. In this study, 37 prefectures were analyzed to identify the status of use of FETT. It reveals that most of the prefectures implement support of municipal surveys of forest owners. In addition, ordinance of a prefecture has been revised to avoid duplication of policies based on FETT and its prefectural tax. Furthermore, to analyze the urban-rural collaboration using FETT, collaboration of Toshima District in Tokyo and Chichibu City in Saitama were surveyed and analyzed. As results, the contexts, potentials, and challenges of their collaboration were identified. As a background of the collaboration, an officer of forest policy section in Saitama Prefecture was working on the FETT related measures as an officer of Chichibu City, which is an example of human resource sharing between prefectures and municipalities. The contexts of the urban-rural collaboration are; two of them have long-term collaboration as sister municipalities, and Chichibu is conducting regional forest management collaborating with surrounding municipalities. Keywords: Forest Environment Transfer Tax; Forest environmental tax; prefecture; municipality ID: 3486768 -
ArticleCommunity-based investment to address deforestation and forest degradation in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.West Kalimantan is the province with high forest cover but contributing high emission from high deforestation and forest degradation. FIP-1 project targets in reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+). Achievement on reducing emission will contribute the Indonesia’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). The project has two themes, forest management intervention and community investment to increase their income. A log-frame and theory of change is applied to measure the impacts. Baseline data was setup through data collection and analysis. Stakeholder analysis was carried out to design institution arrangement and capacity building program. Economic benefit was measured at local community. Rate of deforestation and degradation was measured using a GIS tool. During the period of 2018-2020, total project investment is US $6.5 million. FIP-1 project has invested a total amount of USD 4.1 million for the livelihood improvement program, and USD 2.4 million for the sustainable forest management. Total emission reduction during the period of 2018-2020 is 1.02 TCO2-e. FMU (Forest Management Unit) is the important party in this achievement and community involvement is a key success in this investment. Community income has increased by 50% in June 2021 (compare to the baseline in 2016). A total 63% investment has been allocated for livelihood improvement program, while 36% of the investment was allocated for forest management intervention. From this investment, a total of 1.02 TCO2e of emission has been reduced. An effective REDD+ program will require involvement from FMU and community as active players. Keywords: Forest Investment Program, West Kalimantan, climate change, forestry ID: 3488259 -
ArticleDesigning ecological fiscal transfer policy using the Regional Incentive Fund (DID), Specific Allocation Fund (DAK), and Village Fund (DD) to realize sustainable forest governance in Indonesia
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Ecological fiscal transfers (EFTs) are useful tools to mitigate the potential trade-off between the economic costs and environmental conservation. If managed properly, they will reward regions for investing in conservation and incentivizing the expansion of ecological areas. In recent years, EFT has been discussed by the Government of Indonesia and has been developed by adding ecological aspects to existing fiscal transfers or specifically employed for environmental uses. This study offers scenarios and simulations for implementing EFT in three existing fiscal transfers: (1) Regional Incentive Funds (DID), (2) Specific Purpose Funds for environment and forestry sectors (DAK LHK), and (3) Village Funds (DD). We find that our simulations distribute the existing fiscal transfer more equitable to regions having better ecological indicators. Also, the EFT system only changes the fiscal transfer’s formulation by adding ecological indicators thus not imposing additional burden on the fiscal budget. We believe EFT enhances the subnational governments’ roles in preservation allowing for better biodiversity and environmental management due to having local knowledge. We suggest in order to support EFT, the collection of various data and information related to ecological aspect is vital. Keywords: Ecological Fiscal Transfer, Forest Cover, Indonesia, Regional ID: 3486335
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