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ArticleFrom waste to value: Development of parallel strand lumber from oil palm trunk waste as an alternative to wood
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The innovation of parallel strand lumber (PSL) from oil palm trunk waste was intended to develop alternative raw materials other than wood as well as improve the characteristics of the oil palm trunk. This study aims to analyze the effect of soaking duration on the phenol-formaldehyde adhesive solution to the characteristics of PSL. Variations of soaking duration used in this study were 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The results of this study showed the modulus of elasticity (MOE) ranged from 53.7 × 103 to 103.2 × 103 kg/cm3 while the modulus of rupture (MOR) ranged from 358 to 596 kg/cm2 . The compressive strength ranged from 301.86 to 439.96 kg/cm2. The hardness of horizontal, vertical, and parallel grain ranged from 439.17 to 747.41 kg/cm2 , 361.86 to 526.01 kg/cm2, and 285.09 to 451.09 kg/cm2, respectively. The best quality of PSL which was soaked in a phenol- formaldehyde adhesive solution for 120 minutes. It can be concluded that oil palm trunk waste can be utilized to substitute the wood for lightweight construction material and support the development of green material. Keywords: green material, oil palm trunk, parallel strand lumber, phenol-formaldehyde, waste ID: 3488514 -
Book (stand-alone)Overviews of food systems and agro-industry, value chains, and food loss and waste in the countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia 2018
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No results found.Many countries in the region have seen positive changes in agricultural development in recent years associated with countries’ reforms during the transition period after the Soviet Union collapse, as well as due to support from international organizations. This report overviews eighteen countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The report examines agriculture sectors and food systems, relevant programmes, it reveals the status of agro-processing sector and value chain development activities, and it covers food loss and waste. In the final analysis it was concluded, that more research and data collection are needed to understand the extent of food loss and waste at regional and national levels. It is recommended to update the regional agro-industry briefs that were compiled by FAO in 2014, and to supplement the briefs with the information on value chain development and food waste and loss. The report encourages better dissemination and sharing of results from partner organizations’ work on value chains, post-harvest handling, agro-processing and particularly food loss and waste activities. The report highlights that food loss and waste in the Europe and Central Asia region is not addressed in a uniform way. The report recommends to conduct more farmers’ trainings in harvesting techniques and improving access to infrastructure and markets (especially for smallholders). Companies and service providers in cold value chains should be supported in handling and increasing capacities. One of the highlighted challenges is a matter of connecting rural producers with logistics centres. Better integration of smallholder farmers into value chains is needed. Improving the enabling environment is crucial and will depend on enhancing the capacity of supporting institutions, including better understandings of current situations and challenges in order to provide countries and relevant stakeholders with solutions on improving effectiveness of value chains, including measures to reduce food loss and waste at all stages of the value chain. -
ArticleEmpowering local communities to protect forestry resources and reverse deforestation and forest degradation in high value Chilgoza forests in the Kalash valley of Pakistan
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The Kalash valley of Chitral district of Pakistan possesses unique culture and forestry resources, including the Chilgoza forests, which are of high conservation value and a major source of livelihood. Chilgoza trees grow very slowly, thrive in high mountain areas of difficult access, and have a very low rate of survival in reforestation. The total forest area in the valley is 7 530 hectares with a population of 11 650. Forestry resources are limited and subject to deforestation and degradation, mainly due to fuelwood collection and animal grazing. 78 percent of these forests are understock and 74 percent of them have little to no regeneration. This has dire implications for the local communities who depend on the forests for products and services. Following the Kalash community’s request to reverse deforestation and forest degradation, FAO developed a project under The Restoration Initiative (TRI) in line with the national initiative “Clean and Green Pakistan”. It aims to empower local communities and engage them in the conservation and management of the Chilgoza forest by supporting the gender-inclusive Chilgoza Forest Protection and Conservation Committees (CFPCC). As the CFPCCs are endorsed by the provincial Forest Department, they are empowered to implement rules and regulations. The CFPCC set rules for forest protection (such as stopping the illicit cutting of trees, regulating livestock grazing, protecting wildlife, overseeing the harvesting of non-timber forest products) as well as for the harvesting of Chilgoza cones to prevent both overharvesting and the collection of immature cones. Improved Chilgoza cone harvesting tool sets have been provided and 12 assisted natural regeneration sites have been set up where local communities ensure grazing exclusion. Through local value addition for the Chilgoza nut, local communities increase their revenue. Local empowerment of communities allows for significant deforestation and degradation reduction. Key words: Deforestation and Forest Degradation, Innovation, Gender, Economic Development ID: 3485821
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