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FAO COVID-19 Response and Recovery Programme - Economic inclusion and social protection to reduce poverty

Pro-poor COVID-19 responses for an inclusive post-pandemic economic recovery











FAO. 2020. FAO COVID-19 Response and Recovery Programme: Economic inclusion and social protection to reduce poverty: Pro-poor COVID-19 responses for an inclusive post-pandemic economic recovery. Rome.




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    Three-quarters of the world’s poorest and most undernourished people live in rural areas. They are predominantly family farmers (including youth, fishers and foresters) with few to no assets, engaged in low-quality, low-paid labour, dependent on agriculture and natural resources for their livelihoods. They struggle to access social and financial services, infrastructure, markets or innovative technologies and practices, preventing advancement to more efficient, sustainable and productive livelihoods. They are particularly vulnerable to economic, climatic and conflict-related risks and shocks. Such shocks can have devastating impacts on income and livelihoods, and push people into negative coping strategies, such as the sale of productive assets, over-deforestation or cutting the quality of children’s diets, exacerbating the cycle of food insecurity and poverty. Women and girls face extra challenges due to gender-related inequalities. FAO is working to support governments and key stakeholders in expanding basic social-protection coverage to protect the world’s poorest and most marginalized. Access to social protection has not only been proven to keep people from hunger and extreme poverty, but can also enhance their livelihood options, most of which are agriculture-related.
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    In 2020, the corona virus spread around the globe, and its containment measures resulted in unprecedented socio-economic impacts. ASEAN region’s economy is estimated to experience a decline between 3.5 and 4.7 per cent for 2020. The restrictions to contain the virus spread, although necessary, hit many households income, particularly of the most vulnerable. Yet other disasters have continued to hit the region. Convergence of the impacts of compounded shocks from multiple hazards, can push vulnerable households into deeper or prolonged deprivation and poverty. Social protection is a core part of the efforts to mitigate the impact of COVID-19, facilitate speedy recovery and strengthen the resilience of poor and vulnerable people. Governments have been rolling out social protection at an unprecedented scale in response to COVID-19. Well established social protection systems are an important part of any adequate crisis response. The COVID-19 pandemic is changing rapidly, while having immediate as well as medium- and long-term cumulative impacts on economies. Social protection has shown its relevance and positive impact in the initial phases of the crisis. The next phases, particularly during recovery to build back better, provide an opportunity to expand the role of social protection in a transition toward equitable, green and sustainable economies, while building more risk-informed, shock responsive and resilient social protection systems in ASEAN.
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    Africa is facing a food crisis of unprecedented proportions. Millions are expected to be at risk of worsening hunger in the near future due to the rippling effects of the war in Ukraine, which are compounding the devastating impacts that conflicts, climate variability and extremes, economic slowdowns and downturns, and the aftereffects of the COVID-19 pandemic are having on the most vulnerable. In this context, social and gender inequalities are also on the rise, with women and girls being among the most affected by these shocks.Despite efforts made in several countries, the African continent is not on track to meet the food security and nutrition targets of the Sustainable Development Goal 2 on Zero Hunger for 2030, and certainly the Malabo targets of ending hunger and all forms of malnutrition by 2025. The most recent estimates show that nearly 282 million people in Africa (about 20 percent of the population) were undernourished in 2022, an increase of 57 million people since the COVID-19 pandemic began. About 868 million people were moderately or severely food-insecure and more than one-third of them – 342 million people – were severely food-insecure.The present edition of the report presents the latest analysis of the prevalence and trends in undernourishment, food insecurity, and malnutrition. In addition, it includes, for the first time, estimates of the cost and affordability of a healthy diet, which are useful indicators of people’s economic access to nutritious foods and healthy diets.The deterioration of the food security situation and the lack of progress towards the WHO global nutrition targets make it imperative for countries to step up their efforts ifthey are to achieve a world without hunger and malnutrition by 2030. The call for greater action remains true in view of the projected lower rate of economic growth, high general andfood price inflation, and raising borrowing costs on domestic and international markets since 2022.

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