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DocumentExperimental analysis of the effect of pine needle ash on water movement of forest soil
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The effect of the ash layer on the infiltration capacity of the wildfire-affected area depends on the type of ash, the thickness of the ash layer, and the rainfall characteristics. In this study, the sealing and clogging of the soil were quantitatively analyzed according to the thickness of the ash layer and the intensity of rainfall, and the effects of these phenomena on the infiltration capacity of the soil were comparatively analyzed.
As a result of analyzing the porosity according to the soil depth using the resin impregnation method, the average porosity at a depth of 0 – 5 mm was reduced by up to 29% and at least 9% compared to the soil without ash layer (control), and the average porosity at a depth of 0–10 mm decreased up to 54 %, at least 10%. At a soil depth of 5–10 mm, the degree of pore reduction decreased with increasing ash thickness at the same rainfall intensity. At the ash thickness of 20 mm, the porosity at a soil depth of 10–15 mm decreased for more than 10-year rainfall. The porosity index according to the average porosity of soil depth 0-15 mm and the infiltration rate of clogged soil had a positive correlation, and when the porosity index decreased by 1%, the soil infiltration rate decreased by 0.0003812 cm/s. Keywords: Deforestation and forest degradation, Monitoring and data collection ID: 3623004 -
ArticleSelection on a drought tolerance and using its results for adaptation of pine forests to climate change
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Forest-steppe region of European Russia belongs to the zone of highly productive pine forests. Relevance of research answers sub-theme of Forestry Congress “forests’ role in addressing global environmental challenges, including climate change and biodiversity conservation”. Conclusions and practical recommendations are based on the results of 34-years monitoring and 12-years self-pollination experience at Scots pine. Main elements of pine seed reproduction systems are self-fertility, proportion of plump seeds and number of seeds per cone. These are genetically determined and environmentally dependent traits with different sensitivity to drought. Their equilibrium state ensures the stability of species seed reproduction system. Drought leads to yield decrease of pine forests, differentiation of trees by drought tolerance degree. Genotypic correction is connected with the unequal contribution of resistant and sensitive trees to the year seed production. To softening the climate change consequences for newly created pine forests, it is recommended to use seeds of drought-tolerant variety of pine ‘Ostrogozhskaya’ (patent No 9187) for reforestation. It is also necessary to draw the seed genotypic composition of optimal years closer to their natural structure of years. For this purpose, it is required to increase the proportion of seeds from drought-tolerant forms by 10-30%. This would make it possible to retain the gene pool of best local populations and increasing their stability in the next generations of forest. Institute has an assortment of drought-resistant forms of Scots pine. Pre- adapted seeds have a sufficient reserve of ecological capacity and a balanced genotypic composition to ensure the genetic diversity and stability of pine forests to climate change. Keywords: Climate change; adaptive selection; Scots pine; seed reproduction systems; drought-tolerant variety ID: 3488667 -
ArticleEcohydrology-based management as a tool for preventing wildfires in the Mediterranean urban interface area
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The adaptation to climate change of forest areas with intense anthropic pressure requires innovative management models characterized by an increasingly efficient use of available resources. In Mediterranean areas, the most intense and persistent droughts alter the water relations in the soil-plant-atmosphere (SPA) continuum and therefore the flammability of the vegetation and the risk of wildfires. The main aim of this work is to present the potential of using detailed information characterizing the SPA for estimating key variables used for forest fire prevention. To this end, physiological, ecohydrological and meteorological measurements (water potential, soil/plant water content, sap flow, etc.) are carried out to model the response of live fuel moisture content (LFMC) to environmental conditions in representative Aleppo pine plots located in a forested area close to Valencia city (Spain). In addition, spectral indexes estimated from Sentinel bands (NDVI, EVI, NDMI, MSI, RGR, BSI and NDWI) are also tested for obtaining the spatio-temporal dynamics of LFMC at the forestscale. The results show the importance of assessing LFMC along the entire hydrological year due to its variation with phenology: minimum values are obtained at the beginning of spring (81.3%, 64mm of soil water content in the profile and 0.2Kpa of VPD) vs. 90.1% during the driest environmental (summer) conditions (18mm of soil water content and 1.9Kpa of VPD). Combining physiological and environmental predictors provides good estimations of LFMC (R 2 >0.70-0.84 in several cases). In addition, RGR, BSI and NDWI indexes are found to be promising predictors of LFMC (R2= 0.7). Efforts such as the one presented here to link a detailed SPA characterization with fire prevention are innovative and emerging, but also necessary when realistic estimations of LFMC dynamics are required. Particularly, our results will serve to improve the forest management of Mediterranean forests, allowing for the precise prediction and identification of forest wildfire behavior and risk thresholds (from surface fire to crown fire), but also the design of optimum irrigation schemes to decrease the risk of crown fires as those with the highest negative impacts. Keywords: live fuel moisture content; ecohydrology; fire weather index; wildland-urban interface; sapflow ID: 3623757
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