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Comparative study on the distribution of value in European chocolate chains

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    Revenue distribution through the seafood value chain 2006
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    This Circular defines the value chain as the range of services required to bring a product from conception to the final consumer. For seafood products this includes capture (or culture), processing, distribution and marketing. A theoretical basis of value chain analysis, as the value added at each step of the chain, is explained and a methodology developed. The application is demonstrated in four cases studies of different fisheries, two in developing countries and two in developed. Tw o different types of product are covered: white fish fillets (cod from Iceland and Nile perch from the United Republic of Tanzania) and small pelagic fish (herring from Denmark and anchovy from Morocco). Despite the difficulties of obtaining data, the case studies demonstrate some common trends between the two sets of products. However, in the case of white fish fillets the retail sector absorbs 61 percent of the value chain in the United Republic of Tanzania but only 37 percent in Ice land: that is more value accrues to the producers in Iceland. For small pelagics the retail sector for Danish herring adds 38 percent of the value while for Moroccan anchovy the figure is 75 percent. It is acknowledged that these four case studies, based on imperfect data, are only a starting point and that more value chain analysis should be undertaken to confirm and expand these results. Researchers in developing countries are encouraged to apply the methodology developed here to t heir fisheries in order to generate a larger body of information.
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    Sustainable Cocoa Value Chain Development in the Greater Sepik Region
    Support to Rural Entrepreneurship, Investment and Trade in Papua New Guinea (EU-STREIT PNG)
    2021
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    This factsheet shares the key aspects and the materialised deliveries of the EU-STREIT Programme in Papua New Guinea, that is being implemented under the leadership of FAO, to bring about transformative, institutional changes in the cocoa agri-business value chain in the country. Developed to share the gained knowledge with policymakers and scientific institutions, this publication focuses on the cocoa value chain, summarises the general context and the challenges that were prevalent before the commencement of programme implementations, the approach taken by the Organisation to address the recognised issues on concerns, the conducted activities at different layers, from farmers to policy levels, and the planned intervention in the new future.
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    Support for Enhancing the Production and Distribution of Seeds and Healthy Banana Planting Materials - TCP/RWA/3702 2020
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    Banana, as well as maize, bean and soybean based production systems are important in providing year round food security in Rwanda, as they are among the important staple crops for both rural and urban populations in the country Bananas occupy 23 percent of cultivated area, and the crop contributes significantly to the national value of production The majority of bananas produced are consumed domestically, and as incomes rise among rural households, banana consumption increases vis à vis alternative staples, such as sweet potato, arrow root and cassava However, banana experiences significant production constraints, key among these being pests and diseases transmitted through planting material Farmers’ lack of knowledge and skills concerning these pests and diseases and their management leads to their unintentional movement and spread, through infected planting material In addition, banana production is constrained by low soil fertility, low yielding varieties and poor banana husbandry practices Against this background, the Government of Rwanda, through the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources ( initiated a banana improvement programme to address the challenges in the banana industry This led to the introduction of high yielding and disease/pest tolerant banana varieties, and the adaptation of improved integrated crop and disease management technologies However, the availability of and farmers’ access to high yielding, pest and disease tolerant varieties, and the adoption of improved crop and disease management technologies were still below expectations This was due to limited capacities in producing and distributing improved banana varieties and weak links among research, extension and farmer organizations to support the dissemination of improved crop and disease management practices to farmers In view of this, MINAGRI requested that FAO provide assistance to enhance the production of tolerant/resistant banana varieties and field rehabilitation in five districts Gisagara Karongi Muhanga Rubavu and Rwamagara.

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