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Book (series)Technical studyThe impact of climate variability and extremes on agriculture and food security - An analysis of the evidence and case studies
Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018
2020Also available in:
No results found.Global climate studies show that not only temperatures are increasing and precipitation levels are becoming more varied, all projections indicate these trends will continue. It is therefore imperative that we understand changes in climate over agricultural areas and their impacts on agriculture production and food security. This study presents new analysis on the impact of changing climate on agriculture and food security, by examining the evidence on recent climate variability and extremes over agricultural areas and the impact of these on agriculture and food security. It shows that more countries are exposed to increasing climate variability and extremes and the frequency (the number of years exposed in a five-year period) and intensity (the number of types of climate extremes in a five-year period) of exposure over agricultural areas have increased. The findings of this study are compelling and bring urgency to the fact that climate variability and extremes are proliferating and intensifying and are contributing to a rise in global hunger. The world’s 2.5 billion small-scale farmers, herders, fishers, and forest-dependent people, who derive their food and income from renewable natural resources, are most at risk and affected. Actions to strengthen the resilience of livelihoods and food systems to climate variability and extremes urgently need to be scaled up and accelerated. -
Book (series)Technical reportReport of the Africa Regional Consultative Meeting on Securing sustainable small-scale fisheries: bringing together responsible fisheries and social development, Maputo, Mozambique, 12-14 October 2010. / Rapport de l’atelier consultatif régional africain sur les pêches artisanales pour une pêche artisanale durable: associer la pêche responsable au développement social, Maputo, Mozambique, 12-14 octobre 2010. 2011
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No results found.The African workshop was one of three regional consultative workshops carried out as a follow-up to the 2009 inception workshop of the FAO Extra-Budgetary Programme on Fisheries and Aquaculture for Poverty Alleviation and Food Security. The workshops built on the outcomes of the Global Conference on Small-Scale Fisheries held in Bangkok in October 2008 and referred to the recommendations made by the 26th Session of the FAO Committee on Fisheries (COFI) in March 2009 with regard to the potential development of an international instrument and programme for small-scale fisheries. The purpose of the workshops was to provide guidance on the scope and contents of such an international small-scale fisheries instrument and on the possible priorities and implementation modalities for a global assistance programme. It was organised around plenary presentations on key subjects and working group discussions. The workshop agreed that an international instrument on small-scale fisheries and a rela ted programme would be important tools for securing sustainable small-scale fisheries. It recommended that a small-scale fisheries international instrument and assistance programme should be informed by human rights principles and existing instruments relevant to good governance and sustainable development, comprise the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) as a guiding principle for resource management and development and incorporate Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaption (C CA) as an integral part considering that DRM is a continuum process, before, during and after a disaster. The workshop recognised the value and worldwide acceptance of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and strongly felt that a small-scale fisheries instrument should be closely aligned to the Code. The instrument should build on what already exists and use a similar language to the Code. In developing the instrument, reference should be made not only to States but also to other sta keholders, recognizing the shared responsibility with regard to resource sustainability and livelihood security. Local, national and regional ownership should be ensured. Implementation aspects should be considered already at the design stage, including the need for technical guidance and supportive mechanisms. Results monitoring should be based on well-defined impact indicators and be an integral part of the implementation modalities. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023
Urbanization, agrifood systems transformation and healthy diets across the rural–urban continuum
2023This report provides an update on global progress towards the targets of ending hunger (SDG Target 2.1) and all forms of malnutrition (SDG Target 2.2) and estimates on the number of people who are unable to afford a healthy diet. Since its 2017 edition, this report has repeatedly highlighted that the intensification and interaction of conflict, climate extremes and economic slowdowns and downturns, combined with highly unaffordable nutritious foods and growing inequality, are pushing us off track to meet the SDG 2 targets. However, other important megatrends must also be factored into the analysis to fully understand the challenges and opportunities for meeting the SDG 2 targets. One such megatrend, and the focus of this year’s report, is urbanization. New evidence shows that food purchases in some countries are no longer high only among urban households but also among rural households. Consumption of highly processed foods is also increasing in peri-urban and rural areas of some countries. These changes are affecting people’s food security and nutrition in ways that differ depending on where they live across the rural–urban continuum. This timely and relevant theme is aligned with the United Nations General Assembly-endorsed New Urban Agenda, and the report provides recommendations on the policies, investments and actions needed to address the challenges of agrifood systems transformation under urbanization and to enable opportunities for ensuring access to affordable healthy diets for everyone.