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Rural poverty analysis

From measuring poverty to profiling and targeting the poor in rural areas













FAO. 2021. Rural poverty analysis  From measuring poverty to profiling and targeting the poor in rural areas. Rome.




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    Introduction to gender-sensitive social protection programming to combat rural poverty: Why is it important and what does it mean? – FAO Technical Guide 1
    A Toolkit on gender-sensitive social protection programmes to combat rural poverty and hunger
    2018
    Many social protection programmes, including cash transfers, public works programmes and asset transfers, target women as main beneficiaries or recipients of benefits. Extending social protection to rural populations has great potential for fostering rural women’s economic empowerment. However, to tap into this potential, more needs to be done. There is much scope for making social protection policies and programmes more gender sensitive and for better aligning them with agricultural and rural development policies to help address gender inequalities. Recognizing this potential and capitalizing on existing evidence, FAO seeks to enhance the contribution of social protection to gender equality and women’s empowerment by providing country-level support through capacity development, knowledge generation and programme support.To move forward this agenda, FAO has developed the Technical Guidance Toolkit on Gender-sensitive Social Protection Programmes to Combat Rural Poverty and Hunger. The Toolkit is designed to support SP and gender policy-makers and practitioners in their efforts to systematically apply a gender lens to SP programmes in ways that are in line with global agreements and FAO commitments to expand inclusive SP systems for rural populations. The Toolkit focuses on the role of SP in reducing gendered social inequalities, and rural poverty and hunger.
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    Targeting for rural poverty reduction interventions 2021
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    Rural poverty reduction is one of FAO’s global goals, and is intrinsically linked with eradicating hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition, and fostering the sustainable management and utilization of natural resources. In an effort to reach these objectives, FAO has developed a series of briefs on how to conduct poverty analysis and how to address poverty more effectively in projects and programmes. This series represents a simple quick start guide for project formulators to assist them in conducting poverty analysis and addressing poverty considerations in project formulation. The series is composed of five briefs:
    • Poverty Measurement for Rural Areas: Defines poverty in the context of FAO’s work, explains the basic steps behind measuring poverty using both monetary and multidimensional approaches, and provides a list of potential data sources.
    • Developing Rural Poverty Profiles for FAO Projects: Defines poverty profiles and explains their use in the context of FAO’s work.
    • Using Poverty Maps for FAO Projects: Explains how poverty maps can support poverty-reduction interventions and provides an overview of poverty mapping techniques.
    • Targeting for Rural Poverty Reduction Interventions: Defines the targeting process, outlines targeting mechanisms, and provides guidance on how to select targeting mechanisms for different circumstances.
    • Poverty Reduction in the Project Cycle: A guide for project formulators: Provides practical guidance for project formulators on how to integrate poverty considerations during project formulation.
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    Strong rural-urban linkages are essential for poverty reduction
    FAO Agricultural Development Economics Policy Brief 5
    2017
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    When thinking about rural–urban linkages, it should be noted that rural and urban areas are not separate domains but rather fall on a “rural–urban spectrum”, ranging from megacities and large regional centres to market towns and the rural hinterland. In all developing regions except for Latin America and the Caribbean, more people live in or around cities and towns of 500 000 inhabitants or fewer than in or around larger cities. Yet, resources are disproportionately allocated to larger cities. C ombining sectoral and territorial development approaches is essential for the effective strengthening of rural–urban linkages. Interconnected, functional rural–urban territories are key to creating on- and off-farm jobs, eradicating poverty, ensuring food and nutrition security, providing alternatives to rural out-migration, and achieving sustainable management of natural resources.

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    This year’s report should dispel any lingering doubts that the world is moving backwards in its efforts to end hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition in all its forms. We are now only eight years away from 2030, but the distance to reach many of the SDG 2 targets is growing wider each year. There are indeed efforts to make progress towards SDG 2, yet they are proving insufficient in the face of a more challenging and uncertain context. The intensification of the major drivers behind recent food insecurity and malnutrition trends (i.e. conflict, climate extremes and economic shocks) combined with the high cost of nutritious foods and growing inequalities will continue to challenge food security and nutrition. This will be the case until agrifood systems are transformed, become more resilient and are delivering lower cost nutritious foods and affordable healthy diets for all, sustainably and inclusively.